Difference between revisions of "Links"

Get LaTeX here
MacTeX for MacOS
PlotNeuralNet LaTeX code for making neural networks diagrams (and a helpful blog about it)
TeXworks is a lightweight GUI front-end (MacTeX doesn't come with a GUI). Note: you'll have to set TeXworks Preferences > Typesetting to specify where the MacTeX binaries have been installed, e.g. /usr/local/texlive/2016/bin/x86_64-darwin.
Tufte-Latex Classes for producing books in the style of Edward R. Tufte (this is how I typeset my book Artificial Cognitive Systems - A Primer, published by MIT Press)
Drawing in LaTeX using TikZ
TikZ examples
The 3D Plot package for TikZ
The Listings Package
NASA LaTeX Docs with great examples and templates
Creating questionnaires with LaTeX from Sven Hartenstein

Lisp

Common Lisp: A Gentle Introduction to Symbolic Computation by David Touretzky
Land of Lisp
On Lisp by Paul Graham
ANSI Common Lisp by Paul Graham
Lisp Tutorial (Chapter 2 of ANSI Common Lisp by Paul Graham)
Practical Common Lisp
Functional programming for the rest of us
Paul Graham's website ... go here if you want to challenge and change your views on programming, Lisp, and life (start with the essays)
Paradigms of Artificial Intelligence Programming: Case Studies in Common Lisp open-source repository for the book by Peter Norvig (1992)
Common Lisp REPL Exploration Guide

Mac

How to troubleshoot an external drive
Common MacOS Catalina problems and how to fix them
SVN is deprecated in MacOS Catalina; here are ways to fix it
Taking Screenshots in OS X
OS X keyboard shortcuts
Open Source Mac Software
HyperJuice Batteries
HyperJuice Batteries in Europe
How to access files from an Ubuntu virtual machine in VirtualBox
How to access a web cam from an Ubuntu virtual machine in VirtualBox
You may need to first install the VirtualBox Extension Pack which provides support for USB 2.0 and USB 3.0 devices
Emacs for Mac OS X
Disable photoanalysisd
Reset the SMC of your Mac
How to Type Letters with Accents on Mac

Machine Learning

(Also see Artificial Intelligence and Robotics)

Bayesian Approaches

A Gentle Introduction to Bayesian Belief Networks

Books and Resources

Data Science and Machine Learning; free book to download
Deep Learning by Ian Goodfellow, Yoshua Bengio, and Aaron Courville
Hugging Face "The platform where the machine learning community collaborates on models, datasets, and applications"
Model-based Machine Learning, co-authored by Chris Bishop, and the related Infer.NET framework running Bayesian inference in graphical models
Model-based Machine Learning Companion Paper, C. M. Bishop, Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A 2013 371: 20120222; see Section 4. for an overview of probabilistic graphical models.
Deep Learning for Computer Vision with Python; great book and software, including a fully-configured virtual machine.

Comparisons

Classifier Comparison with instructive visualization
Computer Scientist Explains Machine Learning in 5 Levels of Difficulty
Neural Network Zoo from Fjodor van Veen, The Asimov Institute
Neural Network Zoo Prequel: Cells and Layers with more detail on how each cell type works

Datasets

Hugging Face "The platform where the machine learning community collaborates on models, datasets, and applications"
Kaggle Facial Expression Recognition dataset FER13

Deep Learning

Deep Learning overview
Neural Networks and Deep Learning
On the Origin of Deep Learning Haohan Wang and Bhiksha Raj
The original paper on the CNN by Yann LeCun, Leon Bottio, Yoshua Bengio, and Patrick Haffner

Environments

Colab from Google
Hugging Face "The platform where the machine learning community collaborates on models, datasets, and applications"
Using Keras and TensorFlow for Anomaly Detection (including the use of LSTM)

Ethical Issues

Deep fakes: one element of the dark side of AI and ML
The rise of the deepfake and the threat to democracy
The Tank Story

Gaussian Processes

Gaussian processes - Visual exploration of Gaussian processes
Gaussian processes - Interactive Gaussian process visualization
Gaussian processes - Gaussian Processes for Machine Learning (Rasmussen and Williams, 2006)
Gaussian processes - The Kernel Cookbook: Advice on Covariance functions
Gaussian processes - An intuitive guide to Gaussian processes
Gaussian processes - An Intuitive Tutorial to Gaussian Processes Regression (Wang, 2022)
Gaussian processes - Introduction to Gaussian Processes Video Lecture (Nando de Freitas, 2013)

Generative Adversarial Networks

GAN Series; comprehensive overview of Generative Adversarial Networks

Large Language Models

(Also see Vision-Language-Action Models and Limitations of AI)

A robot wrote this entire article. Are you scared yet, human? GPT-3
How Trustworthy Are Large Language Models Like GPT? Stanford University Human-Centered Artificial Intelligence
Music publishers sue Amazon-backed AI company over song lyrics
Sarah Silverman sues OpenAI and Meta claiming AI training infringed copyright
TechScape: why you shouldn’t worry about sentient AI … yet
Meta steps up AI battle with OpenAI and Google with release of Llama 3
DALL·E 3 Generative AI image creation from OpenAI
Stable Diffusion Generative AI image creation from Stability AI
Midjourney Generative AI image creation from from Midjourney Inc.
GPT-4 and ChatGPT from OpenAI
Llama 3 from Meta
Gemini (formerly known as BARD) from Google
LaMDA and the Sentient AI Trap
Collaborative AI Arena Benchmarking collaborative capabilities of AI in the wild
TrueReason AI Tutor Demo
Three Things to Know About Prompting LLMs
AI Prompt Engineering is Dead Long live AI prompt engineering (IEEE Spectrum)
What is In-context Learning, and how does it work: The Beginner’s Guide
What Is Retrieval-Augmented Generation, aka RAG?
Methods for adapting large language models from Meta
Large Language Models explained briefly by Grant Sanderson, 3Blue1Brown

Physics Informed Machine Learning

High Level Overview of AI and ML in Science and Engineering

Recurrent Neural Networks

Illustrated guide to LSTMs and GRUs: a step by step explanation
Introducing Deep Learning and Long Short-Term Memory Networks
The original paper on the LSTM by Sepp Hochreiter and Jurgen Schmidhuber
The Unreasonable Effectiveness of Recurrent Neural Networks
Andrej Karpathy's Blog
Understanding LSTMs

Reinforcement Learning

A (Long) Peek into Reinforcement Learning
Learning to Optimize with Reinforcement Learning and learning to learn
Learning to Optimize

Robot Learning

Robot Learning a talk by Jan Peters
Human-Interactive Robot Learning a course developed in Micro Project TMP-038 as part of the HumanE-AI-Net Network of Excellence (click the Home text at the top-right of the page to access the slides)

Self-Supervised Learning

Self-supervised Learning Andrew Zisserman
Yann LeCun Cake Analogy 2.0; the slides from his ISCC talk are here and the video of the talk is here

Transformers

Multimodal Perception and Interaction with Transformers HumanE-AI-Net Micro Project
Multimodal Perception and Interaction with Transformers Tutorial Presented at ACAI 2021
Multimodal Perception and Interaction with Transformers Research Tools
Multimodal Perception with Transformers Research Challenges and Data Sets
The Illustrated Transformer by Jay Alammar

Neuroscience

Did you know that multisensory integration develops late in humans, including visuo-auditory integration and visuo-haptic integration?
Has dopamine got us hooked on technology?
How a synapse works, part of an online course on the fundamentals of neuroscience
Human memory may be unreliable after just a few seconds
The Brain A video of Paul Anderson explaining the anatomy (structure) and physiology (function) of the brain
The Neuron A video of Paul Anderson explaining the anatomy (structure) of the neuron

Robotics

(Also see Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning)

Cognitive Robotics

IEEE Robotics and Automation Society Technical Committee for Cognitive Robotics
Cognitive Robotics Resources separate list of links

Competitions

PARC - Pan-African Robotics Competition

Conferences

IROS 2024 Opening Ceremony Video

Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion

Best Practices in Robotics Education IEEE RAS Women in Robotics Panel Discussion
IEEE Robotics and Automation Society Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion Committee
Black in Robotics Building Community, Advocating for Diversity, Encouraging Accountability
Black in Robotics Special Series at IROS 2020
The No Excuses List Women Faculty in Robotics
Women in Robotics

Featured Robots

Beatbots, including Keepon Pro
Elegoo robot car
Elegoo Tumbller
Eva: facially expressive humanoid robotic head and demonstration video
Franka Emika Robot
Haru: An Experimental Social Robot From Honda Research
iRobot Create 2
iRobot Create 3
Lynxmotion AL5D 4DOF Robot Arm
Makeblock robot kits
Meca500 robot arm
Quanser QArm 4 dof
ROSA ONE Brain: a robotic platform to assist surgeons in planning and performing complex neurosurgical procedures in a minimally invasive manner

Humanoid Robots

"It’s the robot we were all expecting – like C3PO": why aren’t humanoids in our homes yet?
The Importance of Being Humanoid

Industry

Anki, Jibo, and Kuri: what we can learn from social robots that didn't make it
Awarri "Our mission is to enable the development and adoption of advanced AI & Robotics technology on the African continent"
Intrinsic a new Alphabet company dedicated to facilitating widespread deployment of robotics
The real cost of robotics

Navigation

A* Algorithm: a great place to begin
A* Pages: super place to learn more
A* algorithm graphic interactive demo
Pathfinding in maps: graphic interactive demo of
Path planning with A* and RRT & RRT*

Origins

Theseus Claude E. Shannon's 1950 maze-learning mouse robot

Research

EASE - Everyday Activity Science & Engineering: how human-scale manipulation tasks can be mastered by robotic agents
Maria Petrou's Ironing Robot Challenge

Resources

Awesome Robotics: a list of various books, courses and other resources for robotics
Cognitive Robotics Resources separate list of links
Human-Robot Interaction - An Introduction An online textbook by C. Bartneck, T. Belpaeme, F. Eyssel, T. Kanda, M. Keijsers, and S. Šabanović
IEEE guide to the world of robots (this is a new and improved version of what was already a great website)
IEEE Spectrum robotics features
RoboHub All the latest news about robotics
The Construct A Platform to Learn/Teach Robotics from Zero. Everything from robotics theory to ROS based robot programming
The Robotics Primer Workbook

Robot Learning

Robot Learning a talk by Jan Peters
Human-Interactive Robot Learning a course developed in Micro Project TMP-038 as part of the HumanE-AI-Net Network of Excellence (click the Home text at the top-right of the page to access the slides)

ROS

A Gentle Introduction to ROS

Shops

Active Robots online shop

Simulators

Bullet Real-Time Physics Simulation

Societal Impact and Ethics

Here’s why robots are actually going to increase human employment
International Conference Series on Robot Ethics and Standards
Principles of Robotics

STEM Education

Edison
Promoting Innovation in Rwanda through Robotics Education
STEM Robotics
Robotics in STEM Education: Redesigning the Learning Experience
Nine dimensions of STEM learning that can be supported by digital technologies PDF Report (2019)
Using Robotics and Game Design to Enhance Children’s Self-Efficacy, STEM Attitudes, and Computational Thinking Skills (2016)
Experiential learning of electronics subject matter in middle school robotics courses (2015)
Shape Robotics Fable robot
Robotics in Australian Schools with extensive list of robot resources, including Sphero, Edison, Ozobot, Makeblock, Bee-bot, Tetrix, Botley, Blue-bot, Cozmo, Strawbees
Tech-Labs STEM Robotics Education
The Steam Connection building the future, one robot at a time
Coderina Engaging Youth in STEM Exploration with FIRST® LEGO® League
Keza Education Future Lab for kids aged 3 to 14
Creativity Lab STEM education using robots
Design Challenge: Call for proposals to design a robotics program and toolkit to be implemented in Rwandan school curricula and the resultant pilot program with a post on X
Ghana Robotics Academy Foundation

Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

Sustainable Robotics

Vision-Language-Action Models

(Also see Large Language Models and Limitations of AI)

ChatGPT for Robotics: Design Principles and Model Abilities Microsoft article
PaLM-E: An embodied multimodal language model; also see palm-e.github.io
RT-1: Robotics Transformer for Real-World Control at Scale arXiv article on RT-1
Supplementary video for RT-1: Robotics Transformer for Real-World Control at Scale Video
RT-2: Vision-Language-Action Models Transfer Web Knowledge to Robotic Control arXiv article on RT-2
RT-2: Vision-Language-Action Models RT-2 website
RT-2: New model translates vision and language into action Google DeepMind Blog
RT-X: Scaling up learning across many different robot types
Do As I Can, Not As I Say: Grounding Language in Robotic Affordances arXiv article on SayCan
Do As I Can, Not As I Say: Grounding Language in Robotic Affordances SayCan website
Open X-Embodiment: Robotic Learning Datasets and RT-X Models arXiv article on Open X-Embodiment
Open X-Embodiment: Robotic Learning Datasets and RT-X Models Open X-Embodiment Website
Using an LLM to direct our robot Digit Agility Robotics video
Foundation Models in Robotics: Applications, Challenges, and the Future
LEAP: LLM-Generation of Egocentric Action Programs

Software Engineering

Programming Challenges by Steven Skiena and Miguel Revilla. . Online Judge
Paul Graham's website ... go here if you want to challenge and change your views on programming, Lisp, and life (start with the essays).
Journal of Software Engineering for Robotics
10 Quotes from David Parnas
How to write unmaintainable code
Absolute Beginners Guide to Emacs
ACM Code of Ethics and Professional Conduct
ACM Code of Ethics and Professional Conduct Official Repository
ACM/IEEE Software Engineering Code of Ethics and Professional Practice Version 5.2, 2016
IEEE-CS/ACM Code of Ethics
Why don't people use formal methods?
Version control with Subversion (SNV)
Oliver Steele's explanation of the Git data transport commands (nice if you're used to Subversion)
BSD vs. GPL

Trinity College Dublin

Computer Science: Then and Now in honour of Professor John Byrne.
The John Gabriel Byrne Computer Science Collection

Tutorials

AI Act Tutorial, prepared by Mireille Hildebrandt, Radboud University, for the HumanE-AI-net European Network of Human-centered Artificial Intelligence.
3Blue1Brown: The Essence of Calculus
3Blue1Brown: But what is a neural network? | Chapter 1, Deep learning
3Blue1Brown: Gradient descent, how neural networks learn | Chapter 2, Deep learning
3Blue1Brown: What is backpropagation really doing? | Chapter 3, Deep learning
3Blue1Brown: Backpropagation calculus | Chapter 4, Deep learning
How to create mathematical animations like 3blue1brown using Python
A (Long) Peek into Reinforcement Learning
Lisp Tutorial (Chapter 2 of ANSI Common Lisp by Paul Graham)
Automate the Boring Stuff: introduction to Python
Information Theory Primer
POMDPs for Dummies
What does a data scientist do?
Why Model?
Feynman on the Scientific Method
A brief introduction to graphical models and Bayesian networks
Visual attention: new directions in saliency research
The Poisson distribution and Poisson distribution problems
A Beginner's Guide to Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, and Cognitive Computing
Introducing Deep Learning and Long Short-Term Memory Networks
Using Keras and TensorFlow for Anomaly Detection (including the use of LSTM)
Illustrated guide to LSTMs and GRUs: a step by step explanation
Understanding LSTMs
The Unreasonable Effectiveness of Recurrent Neural Networks
Neural Network Zoo from Fjodor van Veen, The Asimov Institute
Neural Network Zoo Prequel: Cells and Layers with more detail on how each cell type works
The Illustrated Transformer by Jay Alammar

Women in Science, Engineering, and Technology

10 Influential Women in Engineering
Science: It's a Girl Thing This is object lesson on how not to think about women in science: ... so many stereotypes, so much bias, so very sad.
Barbie Robotics Engineer: inspiring girls to learn how to write software
Gender diversity in technology in Rwanda
IEEE Women in Engineering (WiE)
IEEE Robotics & Automation Society Women in Engineering (WiE)
IEEE Robotics & Automation Society - Women in Engineering (WiE) LinkedIn
International Women in Engineering Day
Julia Gillard's Misogyny Speech Not specifically science, engineering, and technology, but a brilliant riposte to misogynistic attitudes and gender bias, in general
Levers in Heels Bringing visibility to African women in STEM
Life in The Largest Urban Slum | Delphine Nyaboke | TEDxKigali Women An inspirational TEDx talk by an engineer triumphed against all the odds
On the gender gap in technology (read the last four paragraphs if you're short of time)
The five: unsung female scientists
The SHE++ website is gone, but you can still watch the video, check it on Facebook, or go to SHE++ London
Timeline of Women in Computing
The No Excuses List Women Faculty in Robotics

Writing - Grammar, Composition, Style

Axes: set the X, Y, and Z in capitals and italics, and use a hyphen.
The Bluestocking: On Writing
Title Case and Sentence Case Capitalization in APA Style
On dangling prepositions and rules "up with which I will not put" (here is the Benjamin G. Zimmer article on the quotation)
Henry Kissinger: "Is this the best you can do?"
The Elements of Style
Link Grammar a syntactic parser for the Link grammar of English, with a neat interactive sentence parser that identifies the parts of speech.
Thinking in Threes: The Power of Three in Writing
The Rule of Three in Writing
Seven tips from Ernest Hemingway on how to write fiction (also useful for writing theses)
Writing Numbers
5 am or 5 a.m. The Chicago Manual of Style on how to write abbreviations for ante meridiem (before noon) and post meridiem (after noon).
Using the prime symbol to designate units
SI Unit rules and style conventions
Punctuation rules: commas; also see Section 2 in The Elements of Style
Footnote markers are placed after the punctuation mark
Clear explanation of the difference between the gerund and the present participle, i.e. words ending in "-ing"
Rules of English Style by Drew McDermott
An example of great technical writing: Scientific Background: The Brain’s Navigational Place and Grid Cell System (pdf)
An example of great narrative writing: 'The good guys don’t always win': Salman Rushdie on peace, Barbie and what freedom cost him.
"I have made this longer than usual because I have not had time to make it shorter", Blaise Pascal, Lettres Provinciales, Lettre XVI; also see here and here for details, and here for variations on the theme.
Oxford Spelling and why using "-ize" rather than "-ise" is correct, even in British English.
Example of Inspirational Writing: the text of J. K. Rowling's "Very Good Lives" - the book and the Video.
To Beg the question explained (and why one should avoid phrases with esoteric or ambiguous meanings, even when used correctly)
What is satire? Comprehensive explanation with very helpful examples.

Writing - The Benefits of Taking Handwritten Notes

The Pen Is Mightier Than the Keyboard: Advantages of Longhand Over Laptop Note Taking
The Benefits of No-Tech Note Taking
Why Writing by Hand Could Make You Smarter
... and on a related topic:
Kids learn better on paper, not screens

Odds and Ends

100 Photos - The most influential images of all time. The link to the original Time website is broken
A Short Guide to Sharing Pronouns for Trans Allies
Administratium
Apophenia
Battery University
Bing Crosby & David Bowie Peace on Earth / Little Drummer Boy duet
Breaking waves audio
Bubble-sort folk dance
Claude E. Shannon Founder of Information Theory
Complicated vs. Complex A Note on the Difference Between Complicated and Complex Social Systems by Roberto Poli
Covid-19 pandemic: Tracking the global coronavirus outbreak
Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion
Dilbert - The Knack
Divination by Program Committee
Emojipedia
Filing Rules for listing names beginning with Mc and Mac
Flanders and Swann
Generational Differences in the Workplace: Boomers, Gen X, Gen Y, and Gen Z Explained
Gyroscopic Precession is Easier Than You Think!
Heilmeier's catechism for researchers
History of Technology articles from IEEE Spectrum
In Defense of J.K. Rowling (and read a full account of the controversy by Rhona Shennan in the Scotsman)
Ineffective Sorts
Julia Gillard's Misogyny Speech
Kigali Master Plan 2020
Less Wrong A website dedicated to rationality.
Lobachevsky by Tom Lehrer (also read ‘My songs spread like herpes’: why did satirical genius Tom Lehrer swap worldwide fame for obscurity?)
MakerBeam very neat kits that use 1 cm and 1.5 cm extruded aluminium for building mechanical frames for any purpose
Markdown Guide
MediaWiki Formatting Guide
Merge-sort folk dance
Meta-analysis
Motion-triggered figure-ground segmentation
Opinion is the lowest form of knowledge ... the correct attribution of this aphorism to Bill Bullard, not Plato, and attribution to George Eliot of the highest form of knowledge: empathy
Slide Hunter Free PowerPoint Presentation Templates
Presentation Go Free PowerPoint Presentation Templates
Program in C The Little Mermaid
Reduce PDF File Size
Cut PDF pages into halves
What’s a Research Roadmap For? Why do we need one? How can we produce one? (linked from Aaron Sloman's website)
Robert Frost: The Road Not Taken and how it is almost universally misunderstood
RwandAir Airbus A330 Seat Plan
Rwenzori Trekking
PC2Paper Send Letters from the Internet
Quiet: The Power of Introverts in a World That Can't Stop Talking by Susan Cain; and watch her TED talk The Power of Introverts
Revisiting Rwanda by Murray Shanahan
Riverdance
Symbolikon 4000+ symbols from around the world
Sleep What Happens in Your Body and Brain While You Sleep
Sleep 7 Ways Sleep Affects The Brain (And What Happens If It Doesn't Get Enough)
Tactile Sensing
Teamwork: The four stages of team development
Ten words and phrases you should never use in IP contracts
The Golden Ratio
The Grant Cycle
The Guardian Optical Illusions
The incredible ibex defies gravity and climbs a dam | Forces of Nature with Brian Cox - BBC
The Intertwine Charter: Going beyond anti-discrimination and towards pro-active change to welcome others
The knowns and unknowns framework for design thinking
The Limits of Quantum Computers
The Point Magazine
The story behind the Apollo 8 Earthrise photo
There are known knowns
Video of Donald Rumsfeld's famous use of the knowns and unknowns framework in 2002
Tom Lehrer playlist
Toys and Child Development one quote, in an article full of quotable quotes: "The best toys are 90% the kid, 10% the toy”, Kathy Hirsh-Pasek
Types of Orbit
How to disable automatic remote printer installation on Ubuntu
Visual explanations
Windows data types
Windows include files, e.g., windows.h
What / Where is the Global South?

@@ Line 2: / Line 2: @@
 [[File:new.jpg]] signifies a recently added item
-=== Artificial Cognitive Systems ===
+== Artificial Cognitive Systems ==
-[[Artificial Cognitive Systems]] (list of links)
+[[Artificial Cognitive Systems]] (a separate list of links)
-=== Artificial Intelligence ===
+== Artificial Intelligence ==
+(Also see [[#Machine_Learning|Machine Learning]] and [[#Robotics|Robotics]])
+=== Origins ===
 [https://ojs.aaai.org//index.php/aimagazine/article/view/1904 A Proposal for the Dartmouth Summer Research Project on Artificial Intelligence, August 31, 1955] <BR>
+[https://ojs.aaai.org//index.php/aimagazine/article/view/950 Foundations and Grand Challenges of Artificial Intelligence: AAAI Presidential Address] Raj Reddy (1988) <BR>
+[https://www.forbes.com/sites/gilpress/2020/04/27/12-ai-milestones-4-mycin-an-expert-system-for-infectious-disease-therapy/?sh=28c9fe6676e5 MYCIN expert system for infectious disease therapy] A milestone in AI <BR>
+[http://www.shortliffe.net/Buchanan-Shortliffe-1984/MYCIN%20Book.htm MYCIN Book] <BR>
+[https://www.jstor.org/stable/42970324?seq=1#metadata_info_tab_contents Natural selection and the emergence of mind] Speech by Karl Popper about Charles Darwin <BR>
+[https://rintintin.colorado.edu/~vancecd/phil201/Searle.pdf The Chinese Room]<BR>
+=== AI in Society ===
 [https://www.ai-fora.de/about/ AI FORA - AI for Assessment] <BR>
-[https://landing.ai/resources/ai-transformation-playbook/ AI Transformation Playbook] <BR>
-[https://ai-4-all.org/ AI4ALL]<BR>
-[http://AI4K12.org AI4K12]<BR>
-[https://www.muhai.org/blog/12-artificial-intelligence/12-ai-at-a-crossroads AI at a Crossroads]<BR>
 [https://ai4good.org/ AI for Good Foundation]<BR>
 [https://aiforgood.itu.int/ AI for Good Global Summit]<BR>
 [[AI in Europe]]<BR>
-[https://www.andrew.cmu.edu/user/ganeshm/GrandChallengesAIMagazineSpring2021.pdf  Artificial Intelligence’s Grand Challenges: Past, Present, and Future] Ganesh Mani (2021). <BR>
-[http://www.vernon.eu/AIML01.htm Artificial Intelligence - Past, Present, and Future]<BR>
 [http://www.vernon.eu/AIML03.htm Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning in Africa]<BR>
 [[Artificial Intelligence, Robotics, and Machine Learning in Africa]]<BR>
+[https://blackinai.github.io/#/ Black in AI]  <BR>
+[https://www.cooperativeai.com/ Cooperative AI] Foundation <BR>
+[https://www.theguardian.com/technology/article/2024/jul/06/mercy-anita-african-workers-ai-artificial-intelligence-exploitation-feeding-machine Feeding the Machine: The Hidden Human Labour Powering AI (edited extract)] and [https://www.theguardian.com/technology/article/2024/jul/06/james-muldoon-mark-graham-callum-cant-ai-artificial-intelligence-human-work-exploitation-fairwork-feeding-machine An interview with the authors] <BR>
+[https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcomp.2023.1210421/full From fear to action: AI governance and opportunities for all] Frontiers in Computer Science Opinion Article <BR>
+[https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00146-023-01694-1 Human-centric AI: philosophical and community-centric considerations] featuring Ubuntu philosophy and  maximum feasible participation <BR>
+[[File:new.jpg]] [https://www.theguardian.com/news/article/2024/aug/08/no-god-in-the-machine-the-pitfalls-of-ai-worship No god in the machine: the pitfalls of AI worship]<BR>
+[https://oecd.ai/dashboards OECD National AI policies & strategies]<BR>
+[https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2016/01/the-fourth-industrial-revolution-what-it-means-and-how-to-respond/ The Fourth Industrial Revolution - what it means and how to respond]<BR>
+[https://www.theguardian.com/technology/ng-interactive/2019/jun/22/the-rise-of-the-deepfake-and-the-threat-to-democracy The rise of the deepfake and the threat to democracy]<BR>
+[https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-019-14108-y The role of artificial intelligence in achieving the Sustainable Development Goals] Nature Communications (2020) <BR>
+[https://www.humane-ai.eu/event/tutorial-2020-legal-protection-by-design/ Video Tutorial 2020 Legal Protection by Design] Mireille Hildebrandt, Vrije Universiteit Brussel & [https://www.humane-ai.eu/ HumanE-AI-net] <BR>
+[https://www.humane-ai.eu/event/tutorial-2021-ai-act/ Video Tutorial 2021 AI Act]Mireille Hildebrandt, Vrije Universiteit Brussel & [https://www.humane-ai.eu/ HumanE-AI-net] <BR>
+[https://ec.europa.eu/info/sites/info/files/commission-white-paper-artificial-intelligence-feb2020_en.pdf White Paper on Artificial Intelligence] from the European Commission <BR>
+=== AI in Business ===
+[https://landing.ai/resources/ai-transformation-playbook/ AI Transformation Playbook] <BR>
+[https://hbr.org/2018/01/artificial-intelligence-for-the-real-world Artificial Intelligence for the Real World] A Harvard Business Review perspective on using artificial cognitive capabilities in business<BR>
+[https://hbr.org/2019/02/how-to-choose-your-first-ai-project How to choose your first AI project] Andrew Ng in Harvard Business Review 2019 <BR>
+[https://www.pwc.com/gx/en/issues/analytics/assets/pwc-ai-analysis-sizing-the-prize-report.pdf Sizing the prize What's the real value of AI for your business and how can you capitalise?] PWC report <BR>
+=== AI Education ===
+[https://ai-4-all.org/ AI4ALL]<BR>
+[http://AI4K12.org AI4K12]<BR>
+[https://www.firstinspires.org/ FIRST: A global robotics community preparing young people for the future]<BR>
+[https://courses.minnalearn.com/ MinnaLearn] Three popular courses: Elements of AI, Building AI, and AI for Built Environment<BR>
+[https://www.forbes.com/sites/tomvanderark/2020/02/12/how-to-teach-artificial-intelligence/#7de1b8135eac Teaching AI to young people]<BR>
+[https://wiki.pathmind.com/ The Artificial Intelligence Wiki] A Beginner’s Guide to Important Topics in AI, Machine Learning, and Deep Learning. <BR>
+=== Evolution of AI ===
+[https://aiindex.stanford.edu/ The AI Index] Stanford University.<BR>
+[https://www.muhai.org/blog/12-artificial-intelligence/12-ai-at-a-crossroads AI at a Crossroads.]<BR>
+[https://www.andrew.cmu.edu/user/ganeshm/GrandChallengesAIMagazineSpring2021.pdf  Artificial Intelligence’s Grand Challenges: Past, Present, and Future] Ganesh Mani (2021). <BR>
+[http://www.vernon.eu/AIML01.htm Artificial Intelligence - Past, Present, and Future.]<BR>
 [https://hdsr.mitpress.mit.edu/pub/wot7mkc1/release/9 Artificial Intelligence — The Revolution Hasn’t Happened Yet] by Michael I. Jordan, with commentaries.<BR>
+[https://arxiv.org/pdf/2012.08630.pdf Cooperative AI] Open Problems. <BR>
+[[file:new.jpg]] [https://spectrum.ieee.org/ai-and-psychology-researchers-debate-the-future-of-deep-learning Will the Future of AI Learning Depend More on Nature or Nurture?] Yann LeCun and Gary Marcus debate <BR>
+=== Limitations of AI ===
+(But also see [[#Large_Language_Models|Large Language Models]] and [[#Vision-Language-Action_Models|Vision-Language-Action Models]])
 [https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2021/jun/06/microsofts-kate-crawford-ai-is-neither-artificial-nor-intelligent "AI is neither artificial nor intelligent"] Interview with Kate Crawford, author of [https://yalebooks.yale.edu/book/9780300209570/atlas-ai Atlas of AI] <BR>
-[https://hbr.org/2018/01/artificial-intelligence-for-the-real-world Artificial Intelligence for the Real World] A Harvard Business Review perspective on using artificial cognitive capabilities in business<BR>
+[https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/1045339.1045340 Artificial Intelligence Meets Natural Stupidity] Drew McDermott's old (1974) but still relevant plea for more critical self-appraisal by AI researchers (see, especially, the last section "Benediction").<BR>
+[https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2022/dec/31/ai-assisted-plagiarism-chatgpt-bot-says-it-has-an-answer-for-that AI-assisted plagiarism? ChatGPT bot says it has an answer for that] - ChatGPT: '''"It looks like a confident bullshitter that can write very convincing nonsense".''' <BR>
+[https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2024/jan/03/botshit-generative-ai-imminent-threat-democracy Beware the ‘botshit’: why generative AI is such a real and imminent threat to the way we live]<BR>
+[https://medium.com/@chiayewken/mistakes-of-microsofts-new-bing-can-chatgpt-like-generative-models-guarantee-factual-accuracy-5ec82a7453f4 Can ChatGPT-like Generative Models Guarantee Factual Accuracy? On the Mistakes of Microsoft’s New Bing]<BR>
+[https://www.newyorker.com/tech/annals-of-technology/can-computers-learn-common-sense Can computers learn common sense?] <BR>
+[https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1kDSERnROv5FgHbVN8z_bXH9gak2IXRtoqz0nwhrviCw/edit#gid=1302320625 ChatGPT/LLM Errors]<BR>
+[https://emaggiori.com/chatgpt-fails/ ChatGPT fails]<BR>
+[https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2023/feb/26/chatgpt-generated-crochet-pattern-results Crochet enthusiasts asked ChatGPT for patterns. The results are ‘cursed’]<BR>
+[https://github.com/ErnestDavis/LLM-Failures/wiki Ernest Davis LLM-Failures wiki]<BR>
+[https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcomp.2023.1210421/full From fear to action: AI governance and opportunities for all] Frontiers in Computer Science Opinion Article <BR>
+[https://hai.stanford.edu/news/how-trustworthy-are-large-language-models-gpt How Trustworthy Are Large Language Models Like GPT?] Stanford University Human-Centered Artificial Intelligence<BR>
+[https://github.com/giuven95/chatgpt-failures LLM failure archive (ChatGPT and beyond)]<BR>
+[https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2023/apr/01/misinformation-mistakes-and-the-pope-in-a-puffer-what-rapidly-evolving-ai-can-and-cant-do Misinformation, mistakes and the Pope in a puffer: what rapidly evolving AI can – and can’t – do] <BR>
+[http://jmc.stanford.edu/artificial-intelligence/reviews/haugeland.html Review of John Haugland's "Artificial Intelligence: The Very Idea"] by John McCarthy <BR>
+[https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2022/jun/15/techscape-google-chatbot-lamda-sentient-artificial-intelligence TechScape: why you shouldn’t worry about sentient AI … yet] <BR>
+[https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2023/mar/16/the-stupidity-of-ai-artificial-intelligence-dall-e-chatgpt The Stupidity of AI] ChatGPT is "inherently stupid ... it has no relation to reality whatsoever."<BR>
+[https://www.lesswrong.com/posts/uKp6tBFStnsvrot5t/what-dall-e-2-can-and-cannot-do What DALL-E 2 can and cannot do] by LessWrong. Notice in the first image the physical implausibility of the mannequin fingers morphing into folds in the dress. <BR>
+[https://garymarcus.substack.com/p/what-to-expect-when-youre-expecting What to Expect When You’re Expecting … GPT-4] by Gary Markus <BR>
+=== Ethics in AI ===
 [https://www.ajl.org/ Algorithmic Justice League]  <BR>
 [https://ec.europa.eu/digital-single-market/en/news/assessment-list-trustworthy-artificial-intelligence-altai-self-assessment Assessment List for Trustworthy Artificial Intelligence for self-assessment]<BR>
-[https://blackinai.github.io/#/ Black in AI]  <BR>
-[https://www.newyorker.com/tech/annals-of-technology/can-computers-learn-common-sense Can computers learn common sense?] <BR>
-[https://colab.research.google.com/?utm_source=scs-index Colab] from Google <BR>
-[https://www.cooperativeai.com/ Cooperative AI] Foundation <BR>
-[https://arxiv.org/pdf/2012.08630.pdf Cooperative AI] Open Problems <BR>
-[https://openai.com/dall-e-2/ DALL·E 2] Text to image conversion using deep neural networks <BR>
-[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7s0CpRfyYp8 Daniel Wolpert's TED Talk on the real reason for brains] <BR>
 [https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2018/nov/12/deep-fakes-fake-news-truth Deep fakes: one element of the dark side of AI and ML] <BR>
-[http://agisi.org/Defs_intelligence.html Definitions of Artificial and Human Intelligence]<BR>
-[https://cacm.acm.org/magazines/2021/12/256930-digital-agriculture-for-small-scale-producers/fulltext Digital Agriculture for Small-Scale Producers: Challenges and Opportunities] CACM (2021) <BR>
 [https://ec.europa.eu/newsroom/dae/document.cfm?doc_id=60419 Ethics Guidelines for Trustworthy AI] from the European Commission <BR>
 [https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2016/10/top-10-ethical-issues-in-artificial-intelligence/ Ethical issues in AI] <BR>
-[https://www.firstinspires.org/ FIRST: A global robotics community preparing young people for the future]<BR>
-[https://ojs.aaai.org//index.php/aimagazine/article/view/950 Foundations and Grand Challenges of Artificial Intelligence: AAAI Presidential Address] Raj Reddy (1988) <BR>
 [https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rsta.2018.0080 Governing artificial intelligence: ethical, legal and technical opportunities and challenges] <BR>
-[https://hbr.org/2019/02/how-to-choose-your-first-ai-project How to choose your first AI project] Andrew Ng in Harvard Business Review 2019 <BR>
+[https://clawar.org/conference-proceedings/icres-conference/  International Conference on Robot Ethics and Standards ICRES]<BR>
+[https://www.humane-ai.eu/event/tutorial-2020-legal-protection-by-design/ Video Tutorial 2020 Legal Protection by Design] Mireille Hildebrandt, Vrije Universiteit Brussel & [https://www.humane-ai.eu/ HumanE-AI-net] <BR>
+[https://www.humane-ai.eu/event/tutorial-2021-ai-act/ Video Tutorial 2021 AI Act] Mireille Hildebrandt, Vrije Universiteit Brussel & [https://www.humane-ai.eu/ HumanE-AI-net] <BR>
+=== AI Applications and Resources ===
+[https://colab.research.google.com/?utm_source=scs-index Colab] from Google <BR>
+[https://cacm.acm.org/magazines/2021/12/256930-digital-agriculture-for-small-scale-producers/fulltext Digital Agriculture for Small-Scale Producers: Challenges and Opportunities] CACM (2021) <BR>
+[https://www.bentoml.com/blog/a-guide-to-open-source-image-generation-models A Guide to Open-Source Image Generation Models]<BR>
+=== AI Science and Technology ===
+[https://spectrum.ieee.org/prompt-engineering-is-dead AI Prompt Engineering is Dead] Long live AI prompt engineering (IEEE Spectrum) <BR>
+[http://agisi.org/Defs_intelligence.html Definitions of Artificial and Human Intelligence]<BR>
+[https://dynamicfieldtheory.org/ Dynamic Field Theory] <BR>
+[[file:New.jpg]] [https://www.theguardian.com/technology/ng-interactive/2023/nov/01/how-ai-chatbots-like-chatgpt-or-bard-work-visual-explainer How AI chatbots like ChatGPT or Bard work – visual explainer]<BR>
 [https://researcher.watson.ibm.com/researcher/view_group.php?id=10897 IBM Neuro-Symbolic AI Workshop 2022] <BR>
 [https://ibm.github.io/neuro-symbolic-ai/events/ns-summerschool2022/ IBM Neuro-Symbolic AI Summer School] <BR>
-[https://clawar.org/conference-proceedings/icres-conference/  International Conference on Robot Ethics and Standards ICRES]<BR>
+[https://laion.ai/ LAION] Large-scale Artificial Intelligence Open Network <BR>
 [https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2022/jun/15/techscape-google-chatbot-lamda-sentient-artificial-intelligence LaMDA], Google natural language foundation model  <BR>
-[https://courses.minnalearn.com/ MinnaLearn] Three popular courses: Elements of AI, Building AI, and AI for Built Environment<BR>
-[https://www.forbes.com/sites/gilpress/2020/04/27/12-ai-milestones-4-mycin-an-expert-system-for-infectious-disease-therapy/?sh=28c9fe6676e5 MYCIN expert system for infectious disease therapy] A milestone in AI <BR>
-[http://www.shortliffe.net/Buchanan-Shortliffe-1984/MYCIN%20Book.htm MYCIN Book] <BR>
-[https://www.jstor.org/stable/42970324?seq=1#metadata_info_tab_contents Natural selection and the emergence of mind] Speech by Karl Popper about Charles Darwin <BR>
-[https://oecd.ai/dashboards OECD National AI policies & strategies]<BR>
 [https://arxiv.org/pdf/2012.05876.pdf Neurosymbolic AI: The Third Wave] <BR>
 [https://github.com/norvig/paip-lisp   Paradigms of Artificial Intelligence Programming: Case Studies in Common Lisp] open-source repository for the book by Peter Norvig (1992)<BR>
-[[File:new.jpg]] [http://jmc.stanford.edu/artificial-intelligence/reviews/haugeland.html Review of John Haugland's "Artificial Intelligence: The Very Idea"] by John McCarthy <BR>
-[https://www.pwc.com/gx/en/issues/analytics/assets/pwc-ai-analysis-sizing-the-prize-report.pdf Sizing the prize What's the real value of AI for your business and how can you capitalise?] PWC report <BR>
-[https://www.forbes.com/sites/tomvanderark/2020/02/12/how-to-teach-artificial-intelligence/#7de1b8135eac Teaching AI to young people]<BR>
-[https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2022/jun/15/techscape-google-chatbot-lamda-sentient-artificial-intelligence TechScape: why you shouldn’t worry about sentient AI … yet] <BR>
 [https://www.aaai.org/Magazine/Watson/watson.php The AI behind Watson]<BR>
-[https://wiki.pathmind.com/ The Artificial Intelligence Wiki] A Beginner’s Guide to Important Topics in AI, Machine Learning, and Deep Learning. <BR>
+[https://writings.stephenwolfram.com/2023/02/what-is-chatgpt-doing-and-why-does-it-work/ What Is ChatGPT Doing ... and Why Does It Work?] (and a lot more besides) by Stephen Wolfram<BR>
-[https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2016/01/the-fourth-industrial-revolution-what-it-means-and-how-to-respond/ The Fourth Industrial Revolution - what it means and how to respond]<BR>
-[https://www.theguardian.com/technology/ng-interactive/2019/jun/22/the-rise-of-the-deepfake-and-the-threat-to-democracy The rise of the deepfake and the threat to democracy]<BR>
-[https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-019-14108-y The role of artificial intelligence in achieving the Sustainable Development Goals] Nature Communications (2020) <BR>
-[[File:new.jpg]] [https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2023/mar/16/the-stupidity-of-ai-artificial-intelligence-dall-e-chatgpt The Stupidity of AI] <BR>
-[https://ec.europa.eu/info/sites/info/files/commission-white-paper-artificial-intelligence-feb2020_en.pdf White Paper on Artificial Intelligence] from the European Commission <BR>
 [https://www.darpa.mil/program/explainable-artificial-intelligence XAI] Explainable Artificial Intelligence <BR>
 [https://medium.com/syncedreview/yann-lecun-cake-analogy-2-0-a361da560dae Yann LeCun Cake Analogy 2.0] <BR>
-=== Cognitive Robotics ===
+== Cognitive Robotics ==
-[[Cognitive Robotics Resources]] (list of links)
+[[Cognitive Robotics Resources]] (list of links) <BR>
+[http://www.ieee-coro.org IEEE Robotics and Automation Society Technical Committee for Cognitive Robotics] <BR>
-=== Computer Vision ===
+== Computer Vision ==
 [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1F5ICP9SYLU 2-Dimensional Motion Perception] in humans; seminal video from the 1970s. <BR>
 [http://cs231n.github.io/ Andrej Karpathy's course CS231n Convolutional Neural Networks for Visual Recognition] <BR>
@@ Line 80: / Line 131: @@
 [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f8TFi6qvPbc Biological Motion II] <BR>
 [https://www.pyimagesearch.com/deep-learning-computer-vision-python-book/ Deep Learning for Computer Vision with Python]; great book and software, including a fully-configured virtual machine.  <BR>
+[[File:new.jpg]] [https://docs.opencv.org/4.x/d5/dae/tutorial_aruco_detection.html Detection of ArUco Markers] with OpenCV 4.7 <BR>
 [https://github.com/Sid2697/awesome-egocentric-vision Egocentric vision resources] <BR>
 [https://code.google.com/p/head-eye-tracking/ Head Eye Tracking]  <BR>
 [https://www.pyimagesearch.com/2018/09/19/pip-install-opencv/ How to install OpenCV with pip] <BR>
-[[File:new.jpg]] [https://learnopencv.com/install-opencv-3-4-4-on-ubuntu-16-04/ Install OpenCV 3.4.4 on Ubuntu 16.04 (C++ and Python)] <BR>
 [https://docs.opencv.org/3.4.0/dd/d49/tutorial_py_contour_features.html OpenCV Python example of contour features] <BR>
-[[File:new.jpg]] [https://openmv.io/products/openmv-cam-h7-r2 OpenMV camera] <BR>
+[https://openmv.io/products/openmv-cam-h7-r2 OpenMV camera] <BR>
 [https://opensource.googleblog.com/2016/10/introducing-cartographer.html Cartographer] SLAM software from Google <BR>
 [https://authentic.sice.indiana.edu/publications/Su_Crandall-AffectiveGrowthCV-CVPR21.pdf The Affective Growth of Computer Vision] <BR>
@@ Line 92: / Line 143: @@
 [https://pjreddie.com/darknet/yolo/ YOLO: Real-Time Object Detection] <BR>
-=== Control ===
+== Control ==
 [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PID_controller PID control]
@@ Line 98: / Line 149: @@
 [https://softwareengineering.stackexchange.com/questions/214912/why-does-a-proportional-controller-have-a-steady-state-error Why does a proportional controller have a steady state error]
-=== Copyright ===
+== Copyright ==
-[[File:new.jpg]] [https://library.cmu.edu/services/copyright Copyright & Fair Use] Carnegie Mellon University Africa <BR>
+[https://library.cmu.edu/services/copyright Copyright & Fair Use] Carnegie Mellon University Africa <BR>
-[[File:new.jpg]] [https://www.cmu.edu/policies/administrative-and-governance/fair-use.html Fair Use Policy]  Carnegie Mellon University Africa <BR>
+[https://www.cmu.edu/policies/administrative-and-governance/fair-use.html Fair Use Policy]  Carnegie Mellon University Africa <BR>
-[[File:new.jpg]] [https://www.copyright.gov/fair-use/more-info.html Fair Use] in the Copyright Act <BR>
+[https://www.copyright.gov/fair-use/more-info.html Fair Use] in the Copyright Act <BR>
-[[File:new.jpg]] [https://www.lib.uchicago.edu/copyrightinfo/fairuse.html Fair Use and Other Educational Uses] The University of Chicago <BR>
+[https://www.lib.uchicago.edu/copyrightinfo/fairuse.html Fair Use and Other Educational Uses] The University of Chicago <BR>
-[[File:new.jpg]] [https://fairuse.stanford.edu/overview/academic-and-educational-permissions/non-coursepack/ Educational Uses of Non-coursepack Materials] Stanford University
+[https://fairuse.stanford.edu/overview/academic-and-educational-permissions/non-coursepack/ Educational Uses of Non-coursepack Materials] Stanford University
-=== Cybernetics and System Dynamics ===
+== Cybernetics and System Dynamics ==
 [https://www.cadmusjournal.org/files/pdfreprints/vol2issue1/reprint-cj-v2-i1-complex-vs-complicated-systems-rpoli.pdf Complicated vs. Complex] A Note on the Difference Between Complicated and Complex Social Systems by Roberto Poli <BR>
 [https://davidwolpert.weebly.com/ David Wolpert's website]<BR>
+[https://dynamicfieldtheory.org Dynamic Field Theory]<BR>
+[https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnbot.2016.00014/full Developing Dynamic Field Theory Architectures for Embodied Cognitive Systems with cedar]<BR>
 [http://pangaro.com/Pask-Archive/Pask-Archive.html Gordon Pask Archive] <BR>
-[[File:new.jpg]] [https://www.jstor.org/stable/42970324?seq=1#metadata_info_tab_contents Karl Popper] Natural selection and the emergence of mind <BR>
+[https://www.pangaro.com/hciiseminar2019/Heinz_von_Foerster-Ethics_and_Second-order_Cybernetics.pdf Ethics and Second-Order Cybernetics] Heinz von Foerster <BR>
-[[File:new.jpg]] [https://pangaro.com/definition-cybernetics.html Paul Pangaro]<BR>
+[https://www.jstor.org/stable/42970324?seq=1#metadata_info_tab_contents Karl Popper] Natural selection and the emergence of mind <BR>
+[https://pangaro.com/definition-cybernetics.html Paul Pangaro]<BR>
+[https://www.pangaro.com/hciiseminar2019/ Paul Pangaro - The Design of Ethical Interfaces]<BR>
 [http://www.systemdynamics.org/ System Dynamics Society] <BR>
 [http://www.rossashby.info/index.html W. Ross Ashby Digital Archive] <BR>
-=== Cycling ===
+== Cycling ==
+=== Articles ===
+[https://www.cyclingabout.com/ Cycling About] with great articles <BR>
+[http://www.velominati.com/the-rules/ The Rules] <BR>
+[[file:New.jpg]] [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9cNmUNHSBac Most People Don't Know How Bikes Work] (and the need to counter-steer; see also this article on [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mRZGdvJQnPU gyroscopic precession]) <BR>
+=== Bikes ===
+[http://www.enigmabikes.com/ Enigma Bicycle Works] <BR>
+[https://www.storck-bikes.com/en Storck Bikes] <BR>
+=== Bike Maintenance ===
+[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YDk9sp5xRkA Crank & Bearing Removal and Installation - Campagnolo® Ultra-Torque™]<BR>
+[https://www.bikeradar.com/advice/buyers-guides/the-complete-guide-to-bottom-bracket-standards/ The complete guide to bottom bracket standards] <BR>
+=== Bike Shops ===
+[https://wolfis.ae/ Great Bike Shop in Dubai] <BR>
+[https://www.freewheeling.ie/ Great Bike Shop in Dublin] <BR>
+[https://tugende.rw/ Great Bike Shop in Kigali] <BR>
+=== Equipment and Kit ===
+[http://forum.ctc.org.uk/viewtopic.php?f=5&t=62500 Sturmey Archer S2C Duomatic] <BR>
+[http://www.musguard.com/#shop Musguard] <BR>
+[http://www.solestar.de/en/solestar-kontrol.html Carbonfibre-like Insoles] <BR>
+[http://www.thermosoles.eu/ Thermosoles] <BR>
+[http://www.assosfactoryoutlet.com/men/shorts/t-fi-uno-s5-black.html Assos Factory Outlet] <BR>
+[http://www.peterwhitecycles.com/studdedtires.asp Guide to studded bike tyres] <BR>
+[https://www.dcrainmaker.com/2019/08/how-to-install-free-maps-on-your-garmin-edge.html How to install OpenStreetMap on your Garmin] <BR>
+[https://biketestreviews.com/3003-2/ Rotor Q-Rings review]and [https://www.trainingbible.com/joesblog/2007/04/q-rings.html here] is what Joe Friel thinks of them <BR>
+=== Events and Routes ===
 [https://outsider.ie/challenges/road-cycling-events-ireland/ 11 of the best cycling challenges in Ireland]<BR>
 [http://bit.ly/18aojnb Biking in Rwanda - Downloads and Interactive Maps] by Kaspar Kundert<BR>
-[[File:new.jpg]] [http://www.donegalcycleroute.ie/ Donegal Cycle Route]<BR>
-[[File:new.jpg]] [https://en.eurovelo.com/ev1 EuroVelo 1 - Atlantic Coast Route] <BR>
-[http://www.racearoundrwanda.com/ Race around Rwanda] with an alternative non-competitive Journey around Rwanda
-<BR>
-[https://www.cyclingabout.com/ Cycling About] with great articles <BR>
 [https://www.cyclocalendar.com/home Cyclo Calendar] <BR>
-[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YDk9sp5xRkA Crank & Bearing Removal and Installation - Campagnolo® Ultra-Torque™]
+[http://www.donegalcycleroute.ie/ Donegal Cycle Route]<BR>
-<BR>
+[https://en.eurovelo.com/ev1 EuroVelo 1 - Atlantic Coast Route] <BR>
-[https://www.storck-bikes.com/en Storck Bikes]
+[http://www.gpsies.com/home.do#10_58.43263874789026_13.844833374023436_mapQuest GPSies Routes] including file format conversion, e.g. GPS to TCX. <BR>
-<BR>
+[http://www.sportcommunication.info/web2010/index.php?langue=2 Grand Trophee Cycling Events] <BR>
-[https://www.bikeradar.com/advice/buyers-guides/the-complete-guide-to-bottom-bracket-standards/ The complete guide to bottom bracket standards]
+[http://www.racearoundrwanda.com/ Race around Rwanda] with an alternative non-competitive Journey around Rwanda <BR>
-<BR>
+[http://www.vernon.eu/The-Complete-Guide-to-the-Congo-Nile-Trail-Ebook.pdf The Complete Guide to the Congo Nile Trail Ebook] <BR>
-[http://www.velominati.com/the-rules/ The Rules]
+[https://africageoportal.maps.arcgis.com/apps/MapJournal/index.html?appid=57bdc418eeab4cdf8d5b6b24a3e83600 The Congo Nile Trail] with satellite maps and elevation profiles for each stage. <BR>
-<BR>
+[https://ruminationsfromrwanda.blog/2019/07/21/basic-kinyarwanda-for-the-congo-nile-trail-and-beyond/ Basic Kinyarwanda for the Congo Nile Trail and Beyond]<BR>
-[http://vatternrundan.se/ Vätternrundan in Sweden]
+[[file:New.jpg]] [https://www.ringofkerrycycle.ie/ The Ring of Kerry Charity Cycle] and the route on [https://www.strava.com/routes/1469061 Strava]<BR>
-<BR>
+[[file:New.jpg]] [http://vernon.eu/WAW2024.htm The Wild Atlantic Way] <BR>
-[http://www.treberg.se/ Tre Berg Sportive in Sweden ] & [https://www.google.com/maps/d/viewer?urp=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.treberg.se%2Ftre-berg-the-race%2F&mid=1dtwa1nigWNvnDUTVBYj8drRCa4A Map]
+[http://vatternrundan.se/ Vätternrundan in Sweden]<BR>
-<BR>
-[http://www.gpsies.com/home.do#10_58.43263874789026_13.844833374023436_mapQuest GPSies Routes] including file format conversion, e.g. GPS to TCX.
+=== Guides and Rentals ===
-<BR>
+[http://www.corkbikerental.com/best-touring-bike-rentals-in-cork-ireland.php Cork Bike Rental] Ireland <BR>
-[http://www.randonneurs.se/ Randonneurs Sverige]
+[https://luccacyclingclub.com/ Lucca Cycling Club] Italy <BR>
-<BR>
-[http://www.enigmabikes.com/ Enigma Bicycle Works]
+=== Nutrition ===
-<BR>
+[http://www.mendosa.com/gilistold.htm Glycemic Index Lists] <BR>
-[http://www.sportcommunication.info/web2010/index.php?langue=2 Grand Trophee Cycling Events]
+[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3905295/ Regulation of Muscle Glycogen Repletion, Muscle Protein Synthesis and Repair Following Exercise] <BR>
-<BR>
-[http://forum.ctc.org.uk/viewtopic.php?f=5&t=62500 Sturmey Archer S2C Duomatic]
+=== Organizations ===
-<BR>
+[http://www.randonneurs.se/ Randonneurs Sverige] <BR>
-[http://www.musguard.com/#shop Musguard]
-<BR>
+=== Services ===
-[http://www.solestar.de/en/solestar-kontrol.html Carbonfibre-like Insoles]
+[https://englishcyclist.com/ The English Cyclist] Modern Cycling Prints <BR>
-<BR>
+[[File:new.jpg]] [https://gotoes.org/strava/Combine_GPX_TCX_FIT_Files.php Combine FIT, GPX, CSV or TCX files for Strava or Garmin] <BR>
-[http://www.thermosoles.eu/ Thermosoles]
-<BR>
-[http://www.assosfactoryoutlet.com/men/shorts/t-fi-uno-s5-black.html Assos Factory Outlet]
-<BR>
-[http://www.peterwhitecycles.com/studdedtires.asp Guide to studded bike tyres]
-<BR>
-[http://www.mendosa.com/gilistold.htm Glycemic Index Lists]
-<BR>
-[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3905295/ Regulation of Muscle Glycogen Repletion, Muscle Protein Synthesis and Repair Following Exercise]
-<BR>
-[http://www.corkbikerental.com/best-touring-bike-rentals-in-cork-ireland.php Cork Bike Rental] Ireland
-<BR>
-[https://kivubelt.travel/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/The-Complete-Guide-to-the-Congo-Nile-Trail-Ebook..pdf The Congo Nile Trail]
-<BR>
-[[File:new.jpg]] [https://www.dcrainmaker.com/2019/08/how-to-install-free-maps-on-your-garmin-edge.html How to install OpenStreetMap on your Garmin]
-<BR>
-=== Engineering Education ===
+== Engineering Education ==
-[[File:New.jpg]] [https://wholenewengineer.org/ A Whole New Engineer]: a different way to approach effective teaching and learning (watch the video) <BR>
+[https://wholenewengineer.org/ A Whole New Engineer]: a different way to approach effective teaching and learning (watch the video) <BR>
-[http://epltt.coe.uga.edu/index.php?title=Bloom%27s_Taxonomy Bloom's Taxonomy] <BR>
+[https://oli.cmu.edu/repository/webcontent/ac80970d80020ca60078c7f8185aefe0/_u5_hims_implementation_management/_m2_end_user_training_support/webcontent/u5_m2_pg5/Revised_Blooms_Taxonomy.pdf Bloom's Taxonomy] original and revised<BR>
+[[File:New.jpg]] [https://csed.acm.org/ CS2023: ACM/IEEE-CS/AAAI Computer Science Curricula] and [https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3545947.3569591 a paper describing community engagement]by the ACM/IEEE-CS/AAAI Joint Task Force<BR>
+[https://epiceducationfoundation.org/ Epic Education Foundation] <BR>
+[https://vimeo.com/110074717 Epic Challenge Talk] Siemens NASA Boeing Keynote on Educating the Next Generation, with Bill Boswell, Charles Camarda, and Michael Richey <BR>
+[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VheNJF-5kXM Epic Challenge Lecture] by Charles Camarda  (video)<BR>
+[https://pandemicproof.world/modules/iced/introduction/ Epic Methodology] introduction to the Innovative Conceptual Engineering Design (ICED) methodology (text) <BR>
+[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TPQ3pXGoUFU Epic Methodology] introduction to the Innovative Conceptual Engineering Design (ICED) methodology (video) <BR>
+[https://www.timeshighereducation.com/campus/openbook-assessments-dos-and-donts-foster-good-practice Open-book assessments: dos and don’ts that foster good practice] <BR>
+[http://www.amazon.co.uk/Project-Management-PhDs-Brigitte-Hertz/dp/9059316193/ref=sr_1_fkmr0_2?ie=UTF8&qid=1437653768&sr=8-2-fkmr0&keywords=project+management+for+phds+de+buin+hertz Project Management for PhDs]<BR>
 [https://revisionesg.wordpress.com/ Standards and Guidelines for Quality Assurance in the European Higher Education Area] <BR>
-[http://www.amazon.co.uk/Project-Management-PhDs-Brigitte-Hertz/dp/9059316193/ref=sr_1_fkmr0_2?ie=UTF8&qid=1437653768&sr=8-2-fkmr0&keywords=project+management+for+phds+de+buin+hertz Project Management for PhDs]
+[https://www.usnews.com/education/best-graduate-schools/articles/engineering-schools-methodology Methodology: 2023-2024 Best Engineering Schools Rankings] <BR>
-=== Engineering Mathematics ===
+== Engineering Mathematics ==
 [[File:new.jpg]] [https://linearalgebras.com/ten-best-linear-algebra-books.html The ten best linear algebra books]
@@ Line 191: / Line 262: @@
 [http://tumic.wz.cz/fel/online/libICA/ FastICA C Implementation]
-=== Emergence and Self-Organization ===
+== Emergence and Self-Organization ==
+[[File:New.jpg]] [https://direct.mit.edu/books/oa-monograph/5299/Active-InferenceThe-Free-Energy-Principle-in-Mind Active Inference: The Free Energy Principle in Mind, Brain, and Behavior] <BR>
 [http://emergentpublications.com/ECO/about_eco.aspx Emergence: Complexity & Organization - An International Transdisciplinary Journal of Complex Social Systems] <BR>
-[https://www.quantamagazine.org/20151119-life-is-information-adami/ The Information Theory of Life]
+[https://www.quantamagazine.org/the-information-theory-of-life-20151119/ The Information Theory of Life] <BR>
+[https://complexityexplained.github.io/ Complexity Explained]<BR>
+[https://www.complexity-explorables.org/ Complexity Explorables] <BR>
-=== Fountain Pens ===
+== Fountain Pens ==
 [http://www.parker51.com The Parker 51]
@@ Line 204: / Line 278: @@
 [http://www.penhero.com/PenGallery/Sheaffer/SheafferInlaidNibs.htm The Evolution of the Sheaffer Inlaid Nib 1959-Present]
-=== Graphs and Networks ===
+== Graphs and Networks ==
-[[File:New.jpg]] [http://networksciencebook.com/ Network Science] by Albert-Laszalo Barabasi <BR>
+[http://networksciencebook.com/ Network Science] by Albert-Laszalo Barabasi <BR>
-[[File:New.jpg]] [https://barabasi.com/book/the-formula Other Books] by Albert-Laszalo Barabasi <BR>
+[https://barabasi.com/book/the-formula Other Books] by Albert-Laszalo Barabasi <BR>
 [http://www.graphviz.org/ GraphViz graph visualization]
-=== Helping People in Need ===
+== Helping People in Need ==
 [https://mindleaps.org/ MindLeaps]
@@ Line 216: / Line 290: @@
 [http://www.vernon.eu/AfricanGLOTour2018.htm The GLO Africa Tour 2018]
-=== History of Technology ===
+== History of Technology ==
-[http://files.righto.com/calculator/sinclair_scientific_simulator.html Reverse Engineering Sinclair's amazing 1974 calculator]
+[http://files.righto.com/calculator/sinclair_scientific_simulator.html Reverse engineering Sinclair's amazing 1974 calculator]
-=== Innovation and Entrepreneurship ===
+== Innovation and Entrepreneurship ==
 [http://eit.europa.eu/ European Institute of Innovation and Technology  (EIT)]
@@ Line 228: / Line 302: @@
 [http://ec.europa.eu/education/library/study/2013/eit-kics_en.pdf EIT Knowledge and Innovation Communities (KIC) Educational Activities Final Report]
-=== Languages: Irish and Swedish ===
+== [[File:new.jpg]] Ireland ==
-[https://www.futurelearn.com/courses/irish-language Irish 101: An Introduction to Irish Language and Culture]
+[https://outsider.ie/challenges/road-cycling-events-ireland/ 11 of the best cycling challenges in Ireland]<BR>
-<BR>
+[https://www.britishempire.co.uk/maproom/ireland.htm Ireland]: a history of British colonial rule in Ireland <BR>
-[http://www.ielanguages.com/swedish1.html#subject Basic phrases in Swedish]
+[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kRBMO6KaqS4&t=338s Allie Sherlock and Fionn Whelan sing Hallelujah on Grafton Street] <BR>
-<BR>
+[http://www.corkbikerental.com/best-touring-bike-rentals-in-cork-ireland.php Cork Bike Rental] Ireland <BR>
-[http://folkets-lexikon.csc.kth.se/folkets/folkets.html Folkets Lexikon]
+[https://www.rollingexistence.com/routes/cycling-the-wild-atlantic-way/ Cycling the Wild Atlantic Way] by Rolling Resistance <BR>
-<BR>
+[[file:New.jpg]] [http://vernon.eu/WAW2024.htm Cycling the Wild Atlantic Way] by David Vernon <BR>
-[https://www.duolingo.com/course/sv/en/Learn-Swedish-Online DuoLingo]
+[http://www.donegalcycleroute.ie/ Donegal Cycle Route]<BR>
-=== LaTeX ===
+[https://en.eurovelo.com/ev1 EuroVelo 1 - Atlantic Coast Route] <BR>
+[[file:New.jpg]] [https://www.freewheeling.ie/ Great Bike Shop in Dublin] <BR>
+[https://www.futurelearn.com/courses/irish-language Irish 101: An Introduction to Irish Language and Culture] <BR>
+[[file:New.jpg]] [http://www.vernon.eu/talks/Irish_Culture-CMU_2023.pdf Irish Culture] A short overview talk at CMU-Africa in 2023 <BR>
+[https://steemit.com/ireland/@donalfinn/whats-the-craic-in-ireland The Craic] <BR>
+[https://www.washingtonpost.com/entertainment/books/the-perfect-book-for-st-patricks-day/2018/03/13/7ffa4554-2609-11e8-bc72-077aa4dab9ef_story.html The Crock of Gold] by James Stephens <BR>
+[https://epicchq.com/epic-story-behind-fairytale-of-new-york/ The EPIC untold story behind Fairytale of New York] <BR>
+[https://www.thewildatlanticway.com/ The Wild Atlantic Way]<BR>
+[https://www.wildatlanticwayonline.com/ The Wild Atlantic Way] Alternative Site<BR>
+[https://www.google.com/maps/d/u/0/viewer?mid=16E61vAyo6DlNmiqiija0h27ctAc&hl=en_US&ll=53.453658621237615%2C-8.699149999999994&z=7 The Wild Atlantic Way Map] by Google <BR>
+[https://www.discoverireland.ie/wild-atlantic-way/map The Wild Atlantic Way Map] by Discover Ireland <BR>
+[https://www.failteireland.ie/FailteIreland/media/WebsiteStructure/Documents/2_Develop_Your_Business/Key%20Projects/WAW_NationalMap_4.pdf?ext=.pdf The Wild Atlantic Way Map] by Failte Ireland <BR>
+[https://www.amazon.co.uk/Wild-Atlantic-Way-Pocket-Map-dp-0008580006/dp/0008580006/ref=dp_ob_title_bk The Wild Atlantic Way Pocket Map]  <BR>
+[https://www.amazon.co.uk/Wild-Atlantic-Route-Guide-Atlas/dp/0955265592/ The Wild Atlantic Way Pocket Route Atlas]  <BR>
+[[file:New.jpg]][https://www.rte.ie/culture/2020/0605/1145651-you-dont-get-to-be-racist-and-irish-imelda-mays-stunning-poem/ You Don't Get To Be Racist and Irish] Imelda May's brilliant poem <BR>
+== LaTeX ==
 [https://www.latex-project.org/get/ Get LaTeX here]<BR>
 [http://www.tug.org/mactex/index.html MacTeX] for MacOS <BR>
-[[File:New.jpg]] [https://awesomeopensource.com/project/HarisIqbal88/PlotNeuralNet Plotneuralnet] Latex code for making neural networks diagrams <BR>
+[[File:New.jpg]] [https://github.com/HarisIqbal88/PlotNeuralNet PlotNeuralNet] LaTeX code for making neural networks diagrams (and a helpful  [https://pub.towardsai.net/creating-stunning-neural-network-visualizations-with-chatgpt-and-plotneuralnet-adab37589e5 blog] about it)<BR>
 [http://www.tug.org/texworks/ TeXworks] is a lightweight GUI front-end (MacTeX doesn't come with a GUI). Note: you'll have to set TeXworks Preferences > Typesetting to specify where the MacTeX binaries have been installed, e.g. /usr/local/texlive/2016/bin/x86_64-darwin. <BR>
 [https://tufte-latex.github.io/tufte-latex/ Tufte-Latex] Classes for producing books in the style of [http://www.edwardtufte.com/tufte/index Edward R. Tufte] (this is how I typeset my book [http://vernon.eu/publications/14_Vernon_Artificial_Cognitive_Systems_Preamble.pdf Artificial Cognitive Systems - A Primer], published by [http://mitpress.mit.edu/books/artificial-cognitive-systems MIT Press])<BR>
@@ Line 247: / Line 337: @@
 [https://texample.net/tikz/ TikZ examples]<BR>
 [https://texample.net/tikz/examples/the-3dplot-package/ The 3D Plot package for TikZ] <BR>
-[[File:New.jpg]] [http://users.ece.utexas.edu/~garg/dist/listings.pdf The Listings Package]
+[http://users.ece.utexas.edu/~garg/dist/listings.pdf The Listings Package]<BR>
+[[File:New.jpg]] [https://nasa.github.io/nasa-latex-docs/html/index.html NASA LaTeX Docs] with great examples and templates <BR>
+[[File:New.jpg]] [https://svenhartenstein.de/latex-vorlagen/creating-questionnaires-with-latex/ Creating questionnaires with LaTeX] from Sven Hartenstein <BR>
-=== Lisp ===
+== Lisp ==
 [http://www.cs.cmu.edu/afs/cs.cmu.edu/user/dst/www/LispBook/index.html Common Lisp: A Gentle Introduction to Symbolic Computation] by David Touretzky
@@ Line 259: / Line 351: @@
 [http://www.paulgraham.com/acl.html ANSI Common Lisp] by Paul Graham
 <BR>
-[http://ep.yimg.com/ty/cdn/paulgraham/acl2.txt Lisp Tutorial] (Chapter 2 of [http://www.paulgraham.com/acl.html ANSI Common Lisp] by Paul Graham)
+[https://sep.turbifycdn.com/ty/cdn/paulgraham/acl2.txt?t=1688221954& Lisp Tutorial] (Chapter 2 of [http://www.paulgraham.com/acl.html ANSI Common Lisp] by Paul Graham)
 <BR>
 [http://www.gigamonkeys.com/book/ Practical Common Lisp]
@@ Line 269: / Line 361: @@
 [[File:new.jpg]] [https://bnmcgn.github.io/lisp-guide/lisp-exploration.html Common Lisp REPL Exploration Guide]
-=== Mac ===
+== Mac ==
 [https://www.macworld.co.uk/how-to/drive-not-showing-mac-3613422/ How to troubleshoot an external drive]
 <br>
@@ Line 292: / Line 385: @@
 You may need to first install the [https://www.virtualbox.org/wiki/Downloads VirtualBox Extension Pack] which provides support for USB 2.0 and USB 3.0 devices
 <BR>
-[https://emacsformacosx.com/ Emacs or Mac OS X]
+[https://emacsformacosx.com/ Emacs for Mac OS X]
 <BR>
 [https://candid.technology/photoanalysisd/ Disable photoanalysisd]
+<BR>
+[https://support.apple.com/en-gb/102605 Reset the SMC of your Mac]
+<BR>
+[[File:new.jpg]] [https://www.freecodecamp.org/news/how-to-type-letters-with-accents-on-mac/ How to Type Letters with Accents on Mac]
-=== Machine Learning ===
+== Machine Learning ==
+(Also see [[#Artificial_Intelligence|Artificial Intelligence]] and [[#Robotics|Robotics]])
+=== Bayesian Approaches ===
 [https://machinelearningmastery.com/introduction-to-bayesian-belief-networks/ A Gentle Introduction to Bayesian Belief Networks] <BR>
-[https://lilianweng.github.io/posts/2018-02-19-rl-overview/ A (Long) Peek into Reinforcement Learning] <BR>
-[https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2020/sep/08/robot-wrote-this-article-gpt-3 A robot wrote this entire article. Are you scared yet, human?] GPT-3 <BR>
+=== Books and Resources ===
-[[File:new.jpg]] [https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/classification/plot_classifier_comparison.html Classifier Comparison] with instructive visualization <BR>
-[https://colab.research.google.com/?utm_source=scs-index Colab] from Google <BR>
-[[File:new.jpg]] [https://www.wired.com/video/watch/5-levels-machine-learning Computer Scientist Explains Machine Learning in 5 Levels of Difficulty] <BR>
 [https://acems.org.au/data-science-machine-learning-book-download Data Science and Machine Learning]; free book to download <BR>
-[https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2018/nov/12/deep-fakes-fake-news-truth Deep fakes: one element of the dark side of AI and ML] <BR>
 [http://www.deeplearningbook.org/ Deep Learning] by Ian Goodfellow, Yoshua Bengio, and Aaron Courville <BR>
+[[File:new.jpg]] [https://huggingface.co/ Hugging Face] "The platform where the machine learning community collaborates on models, datasets, and applications" <BR>
 [http://www.mbmlbook.com/index.html Model-based Machine Learning], co-authored by Chris Bishop, and the related [https://dotnet.github.io/infer/ Infer.NET] framework running Bayesian inference in graphical models<BR>
 [https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/Bishop-MBML-2012.pdf Model-based Machine Learning Companion Paper], C. M. Bishop, Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A 2013 371: 20120222; see Section 4. for an overview of probabilistic graphical models.<BR>
-[https://machinelearningmastery.com/what-is-deep-learning/ Deep Learning] overview <BR>
-[http://neuralnetworksanddeeplearning.com/ Neural Networks and Deep Learning] <BR>
 [https://www.pyimagesearch.com/deep-learning-computer-vision-python-book/ Deep Learning for Computer Vision with Python]; great book and software, including a fully-configured virtual machine. <BR>
-[https://arxiv.org/abs/1606.01885 Learning to Optimize] <BR>
-[https://bair.berkeley.edu/blog/2017/09/12/learning-to-optimize-with-rl/ Learning to Optimize with Reinforcement Learning] and learning to learn <BR>
+=== Comparisons ===
-[https://www.kaggle.com/c/challenges-in-representation-learning-facial-expression-recognition-challenge/data Kaggle Facial Expression Recognition dataset FER13] <BR>
+[[File:new.jpg]] [https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/classification/plot_classifier_comparison.html Classifier Comparison] with instructive visualization <BR>
-[https://medium.com/@jonathan_hui/gan-gan-series-2d279f906e7b GAN Series]; comprehensive overview of Generative Adversarial Networks<BR>
+[[File:new.jpg]] [https://www.wired.com/video/watch/5-levels-machine-learning Computer Scientist Explains Machine Learning in 5 Levels of Difficulty] <BR>
-[[File:new.jpg]] [https://distill.pub/2019/visual-exploration-gaussian-processes/ Gaussian processes] - Visual exploration of Gaussian processes<BR>
-[[File:new.jpg]] [http://www.infinitecuriosity.org/vizgp/ Gaussian processes] - Interactive Gaussian process visualization <BR>
-[[File:new.jpg]] [http://gaussianprocess.org/gpml/ Gaussian processes] - Gaussian Processes for Machine Learning (Rasmussen and Williams, 2006)<BR>
-[[File:new.jpg]] [https://www.cs.toronto.edu/~duvenaud/cookbook/ Gaussian processes] - The Kernel Cookbook: Advice on Covariance functions<BR>
-[[File:new.jpg]] [https://towardsdatascience.com/an-intuitive-guide-to-gaussian-processes-ec2f0b45c71d Gaussian processes] - An intuitive guide to Gaussian processes <BR>
-[[File:new.jpg]] [https://arxiv.org/pdf/2009.10862.pdf Gaussian processes] - An Intuitive Tutorial to Gaussian Processes Regression (Wang, 2022) <BR>
-[[File:new.jpg]] [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4vGiHC35j9s Gaussian processes] - Introduction to Gaussian Processes Video Lecture (Nando de Freitas, 2013) <BR>
-[https://towardsdatascience.com/illustrated-guide-to-lstms-and-gru-s-a-step-by-step-explanation-44e9eb85bf21 Illustrated guide to LSTMs and GRUs: a step by step explanation]<BR>
-[https://developer.ibm.com/tutorials/iot-deep-learning-anomaly-detection-1/ Introducing Deep Learning and Long Short-Term Memory Networks]<BR>
-[[File:new.jpg]] [https://www.ai4europe.eu/research/research-bundles/multimodal-perception-and-interaction-transformers Multimodal Perception and Interaction with Transformers] HumanE-AI-Net Micro Project <BR>
-[[File:new.jpg]] [http://crowley-coutaz.fr/jlc/Courses/ACAI2021/Multimodal-Transformer-Tutorial.html Multimodal Perception and Interaction with Transformers] Tutorial Presented at ACAI 2021 <BR>
-[[File:new.jpg]] [http://crowley-coutaz.fr/jlc/HumanE-AI-Net/TransfomerMicroProject/TransformerTools.pdf Multimodal Perception and Interaction with Transformers] Research Tools<BR>
-[[File:new.jpg]] [http://crowley-coutaz.fr/jlc/HumanE-AI-Net/TransfomerMicroProject/ReseachChallengesDataSets.pdf Multimodal Perception with Transformers] Research Challenges and		Data Sets<BR>
 [https://www.asimovinstitute.org/neural-network-zoo/ Neural Network Zoo] from Fjodor van Veen, The Asimov Institute <BR>
 [https://www.asimovinstitute.org/neural-network-zoo-prequel-cells-layers/ Neural Network Zoo Prequel: Cells and Layers] with more detail on how each cell type works <BR>
-[[File:new.jpg]] [https://arxiv.org/pdf/1702.07800.pdf On the Origin of Deep Learning] Haohan Wang and Bhiksha Raj <BR>
-[https://project.inria.fr/paiss/files/2018/07/zisserman-self-supervised.pdf Self-supervised Learning] Andrew Zisserman <BR>
+=== Datasets ===
+[[File:new.jpg]] [https://huggingface.co/ Hugging Face] "The platform where the machine learning community collaborates on models, datasets, and applications" <BR>
+[https://www.kaggle.com/c/challenges-in-representation-learning-facial-expression-recognition-challenge/data Kaggle Facial Expression Recognition dataset FER13] <BR>
+=== Deep Learning ===
+[https://machinelearningmastery.com/what-is-deep-learning/ Deep Learning] overview <BR>
+[http://neuralnetworksanddeeplearning.com/ Neural Networks and Deep Learning] <BR>
+[https://arxiv.org/pdf/1702.07800.pdf On the Origin of Deep Learning] Haohan Wang and Bhiksha Raj <BR>
 [http://yann.lecun.com/exdb/publis/pdf/lecun-98.pdf The original paper on the CNN] by Yann LeCun, Leon Bottio,  Yoshua Bengio, and Patrick Haffner <BR>
-[https://www.bioinf.jku.at/publications/older/2604.pdf The original paper on the LSTM] by Sepp Hochreiter and Jurgen Schmidhuber <BR>
+=== Environments ===
+[https://colab.research.google.com/?utm_source=scs-index Colab] from Google <BR>
+[[File:new.jpg]] [https://huggingface.co/ Hugging Face] "The platform where the machine learning community collaborates on models, datasets, and applications" <BR>
+[https://developer.ibm.com/tutorials/iot-deep-learning-anomaly-detection-5/ Using Keras and TensorFlow for Anomaly Detection] (including the use of LSTM)<BR>
+=== Ethical Issues ===
+[https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2018/nov/12/deep-fakes-fake-news-truth Deep fakes: one element of the dark side of AI and ML] <BR>
 [https://www.theguardian.com/technology/ng-interactive/2019/jun/22/the-rise-of-the-deepfake-and-the-threat-to-democracy The rise of the deepfake and the threat to democracy]<BR>
-[https://www.gwern.net/Tanks#should-we-tell-stories-we-know-arent-true The Tank Story] <BR>
+[https://www.gwern.net/Tanks The Tank Story] <BR>
-[http://karpathy.github.io/2015/05/21/rnn-effectiveness/ The Unreasonable Effectiveness of Recurrent Neural Networks] [https://cs.stanford.edu/people/karpathy/ Andrej Karpathy]'s Blog <BR>
+=== Gaussian Processes ===
+[https://distill.pub/2019/visual-exploration-gaussian-processes/ Gaussian processes] - Visual exploration of Gaussian processes<BR>
+[http://www.infinitecuriosity.org/vizgp/ Gaussian processes] - Interactive Gaussian process visualization <BR>
+[http://gaussianprocess.org/gpml/ Gaussian processes] - Gaussian Processes for Machine Learning (Rasmussen and Williams, 2006)<BR>
+[https://www.cs.toronto.edu/~duvenaud/cookbook/ Gaussian processes] - The Kernel Cookbook: Advice on Covariance functions<BR>
+[https://towardsdatascience.com/an-intuitive-guide-to-gaussian-processes-ec2f0b45c71d Gaussian processes] - An intuitive guide to Gaussian processes <BR>
+[https://arxiv.org/pdf/2009.10862.pdf Gaussian processes] - An Intuitive Tutorial to Gaussian Processes Regression (Wang, 2022) <BR>
+[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4vGiHC35j9s Gaussian processes] - Introduction to Gaussian Processes Video Lecture (Nando de Freitas, 2013) <BR>
+=== Generative Adversarial Networks ===
+[https://medium.com/@jonathan_hui/gan-gan-series-2d279f906e7b GAN Series]; comprehensive overview of Generative Adversarial Networks<BR>
+=== Large Language Models ===
+(Also see [[#Vision-Language-Action_Models|Vision-Language-Action Models]] and [[#Limitations_of_AI|Limitations of AI]])
+[https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2020/sep/08/robot-wrote-this-article-gpt-3 A robot wrote this entire article. Are you scared yet, human?] GPT-3 <BR>
+[https://hai.stanford.edu/news/how-trustworthy-are-large-language-models-gpt How Trustworthy Are Large Language Models Like GPT?] Stanford University Human-Centered Artificial Intelligence<BR>
+[https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2023/oct/19/music-lawsuit-ai-song-lyrics-anthropic Music publishers sue Amazon-backed AI company over song lyrics] <BR>
+[https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2023/jul/10/sarah-silverman-sues-openai-meta-copyright-infringement Sarah Silverman sues OpenAI and Meta claiming AI training infringed copyright] <BR>
 [https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2022/jun/15/techscape-google-chatbot-lamda-sentient-artificial-intelligence TechScape: why you shouldn’t worry about sentient AI … yet] <BR>
+[https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2024/apr/18/meta-ai-llama3-release Meta steps up AI battle with OpenAI and Google with release of Llama 3]<BR>
+[https://openai.com/index/dall-e-3/ DALL·E 3] Generative AI image creation from OpenAI <BR>
+[https://stability.ai/news/stable-diffusion-3 Stable Diffusion] Generative AI image creation from Stability AI <BR>
+[https://updates.midjourney.com/version-6-1/ Midjourney] Generative AI image creation from from Midjourney Inc. <BR>
+[https://openai.com/index/gpt-4/ GPT-4] and [https://chatgpt.com/ ChatGPT] from OpenAI <BR>
+[https://ai.meta.com/blog/meta-llama-3-1/ Llama 3] from Meta <BR>
+[https://gemini.google.com/ Gemini] (formerly known as BARD) from Google <BR>
+[https://www.wired.com/story/lamda-sentient-ai-bias-google-blake-lemoine/ LaMDA and the Sentient AI Trap]<BR>
+[[File:new.jpg]] [https://humane-ai.dice.aalto.fi/ Collaborative AI Arena] Benchmarking collaborative capabilities of AI in the wild <BR>
+[[File:new.jpg]] [https://truereason.app/chat TrueReason AI Tutor Demo] <BR>
+[[File:new.jpg]] [https://sloanreview.mit.edu/article/three-things-to-know-about-prompting-llms/ Three Things to Know About Prompting LLMs]<BR>
+[[File:new.jpg]] [https://spectrum.ieee.org/prompt-engineering-is-dead AI Prompt Engineering is Dead] Long live AI prompt engineering (IEEE Spectrum) <BR>
+[[File:new.jpg]] [https://www.lakera.ai/blog/what-is-in-context-learning What is In-context Learning, and how does it work: The Beginner’s Guide]<BR>
+[[File:new.jpg]] [https://blogs.nvidia.com/blog/what-is-retrieval-augmented-generation/ What Is Retrieval-Augmented Generation, aka RAG?] <BR>
+[[File:new.jpg]] [https://ai.meta.com/blog/adapting-large-language-models-llms/ Methods for adapting large language models] from Meta <BR>
+[[File:new.jpg]] [https://www.3blue1brown.com/lessons/mini-llm Large Language Models explained briefly] by Grant Sanderson, [https://www.3blue1brown.com/ 3Blue1Brown] <BR>
+=== Physics Informed Machine Learning ===
+[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JoFW2uSd3Uo High Level Overview of AI and ML in Science and Engineering] <BR>
+=== Recurrent Neural Networks ===
+[https://towardsdatascience.com/illustrated-guide-to-lstms-and-gru-s-a-step-by-step-explanation-44e9eb85bf21 Illustrated guide to LSTMs and GRUs: a step by step explanation]<BR>
+[https://developer.ibm.com/tutorials/iot-deep-learning-anomaly-detection-1/ Introducing Deep Learning and Long Short-Term Memory Networks]<BR>
+[https://www.bioinf.jku.at/publications/older/2604.pdf The original paper on the LSTM] by Sepp Hochreiter and Jurgen Schmidhuber <BR>
 [http://karpathy.github.io/2015/05/21/rnn-effectiveness/ The Unreasonable Effectiveness of Recurrent Neural Networks] <BR>
-[https://jalammar.github.io/illustrated-transformer/ The Illustrated Transformer] by Jay Alammar <BR>
+[https://cs.stanford.edu/people/karpathy/ Andrej Karpathy]'s Blog <BR>
 [http://colah.github.io/posts/2015-08-Understanding-LSTMs/ Understanding LSTMs]<BR>
-[https://developer.ibm.com/tutorials/iot-deep-learning-anomaly-detection-5/ Using Keras and TensorFlow for Anomaly Detection] (including the use of LSTM)<BR>
+=== Reinforcement Learning ===
+[https://lilianweng.github.io/posts/2018-02-19-rl-overview/ A (Long) Peek into Reinforcement Learning] <BR>
+[https://bair.berkeley.edu/blog/2017/09/12/learning-to-optimize-with-rl/ Learning to Optimize with Reinforcement Learning] and learning to learn <BR>
+[https://arxiv.org/abs/1606.01885 Learning to Optimize] <BR>
+=== Robot Learning ===
+[[File:new.jpg]] [https://www.i-aida.org/resources/robot-learning/ Robot Learning] a talk by Jan Peters <BR>
+[[File:new.jpg]] [https://sites.google.com/view/hirl-education/home Human-Interactive Robot Learning] a course developed in [https://www.humane-ai.eu/project/tmp-038/ Micro Project TMP-038] as part of the [https://www.humane-ai.eu HumanE-AI-Net Network of Excellence] (click the <strong>Home</strong> text at the top-right of the page to access the slides)<BR>
+=== Self-Supervised Learning ===
+[https://project.inria.fr/paiss/files/2018/07/zisserman-self-supervised.pdf Self-supervised Learning] Andrew Zisserman <BR>
 [https://medium.com/syncedreview/yann-lecun-cake-analogy-2-0-a361da560dae Yann LeCun Cake Analogy 2.0]; the slides from his ISCC talk are
 [https://twitter.com/ylecun/status/1097532314614034433 here] and the video of the talk is [http://isscc.org/2019-videos/ here]<BR>
-=== Neuroscience ===
+=== Transformers ===
+[https://www.ai4europe.eu/research/research-bundles/multimodal-perception-and-interaction-transformers Multimodal Perception and Interaction with Transformers] HumanE-AI-Net Micro Project <BR>
+[http://crowley-coutaz.fr/jlc/Courses/ACAI2021/Multimodal-Transformer-Tutorial.html Multimodal Perception and Interaction with Transformers] Tutorial Presented at ACAI 2021 <BR>
+[http://crowley-coutaz.fr/jlc/HumanE-AI-Net/TransfomerMicroProject/TransformerTools.pdf Multimodal Perception and Interaction with Transformers] Research Tools<BR>
+[http://crowley-coutaz.fr/jlc/HumanE-AI-Net/TransfomerMicroProject/ReseachChallengesDataSets.pdf Multimodal Perception with Transformers] Research Challenges and		Data Sets<BR>
+[https://jalammar.github.io/illustrated-transformer/ The Illustrated Transformer] by Jay Alammar <BR>
+== Neuroscience ==
 [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK92864/#ch18_sec1 Did you know that multisensory integration develops late in humans], including [https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnint.2012.00077/full visuo-auditory integration] and [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18450446/ visuo-haptic integration]? <BR>
 [https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2018/mar/04/has-dopamine-got-us-hooked-on-tech-facebook-apps-addiction Has dopamine got us hooked on technology?] <BR>
-[[File:New.jpg]] [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kMKc8nfPATI The Brain] A video of Paul Anderson explaining the anatomy (structure) and physiology (function) of the brain <BR>
+[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OvVl8rOEncE How a synapse works], part of an online course on the fundamentals of neuroscience <BR>
-[[File:New.jpg]] [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HZh0A-lWSmY The Neuron] A video of Paul Anderson explaining the anatomy (structure) of the neuron <BR>
+[[File:New.jpg]] [https://www.theguardian.com/science/2023/apr/05/short-term-memory-illusions-study Human memory may be unreliable after just a few seconds]<BR>
-[[File:New.jpg]] [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OvVl8rOEncE How a synapse works], part of an online course on the fundamentals of neuroscience <BR>
+[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kMKc8nfPATI The Brain] A video of Paul Anderson explaining the anatomy (structure) and physiology (function) of the brain <BR>
+[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HZh0A-lWSmY The Neuron] A video of Paul Anderson explaining the anatomy (structure) of the neuron <BR>
-=== Quantum Computing ===
+== Robotics ==
+(Also see [[#Artificial_Intelligence|Artificial Intelligence]] and [[#Machine_Learning|Machine Learning]])
-[[File:new.jpg]] [https://www.cs.virginia.edu/~robins/The_Limits_of_Quantum_Computers.pdf The Limits of Quantum Computers]
+=== Cognitive Robotics ===
+[https://www.ieee-ras.org/cognitive-robotics/ IEEE Robotics and Automation Society Technical Committee for Cognitive Robotics] <BR>
+[[Cognitive Robotics Resources]] separate list of links <BR>
-=== Robotics ===
+=== Competitions ===
-[https://www.redblobgames.com/pathfinding/a-star/introduction.html A* Algorithm]: a great place to begin <BR>
+[http://parcrobotics.org/ PARC - Pan-African Robotics Competition] <BR>
-[http://theory.stanford.edu/~amitp/GameProgramming/ A* Pages]: super place to learn more <BR>
-[https://www.growingwiththeweb.com/projects/pathfinding-visualiser/  A* algorithm graphic interactive demo] <BR>
+=== Conferences ===
-[https://www.cse.sc.edu/~jokane/agitr/ A Gentle Introduction to ROS] <BR>
+[[File:new.jpg]] [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=md7YSiNI0aA IROS 2024 Opening Ceremony Video] <BR>
-[https://www.active-robots.com/ Active Robots] online shop <BR>
-[https://spectrum.ieee.org/automaton/robotics/home-robots/anki-jibo-and-kuri-what-we-can-learn-from-social-robotics-failures  Anki, Jibo, and Kuri: what we can learn from social robots that didn't make it] <BR>
+=== Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion ===
-[https://www.awarri.com/ Awarri] "Our mission is to enable the development and adoption of advanced AI & Robotics technology on the African continent" <BR>
-[https://github.com/Kiloreux/awesome-robotics Awesome Robotics]: a list of various books, courses and other resources for robotics  <BR>
-[https://beatbots.net Beatbots], including Keepon Pro <BR>
 [https://ieeetv.ieee.org/channels/wie/ieee-ras-women-in-robotics-panel-discussion Best Practices in Robotics Education] IEEE RAS Women in Robotics Panel Discussion <BR>
+[[File:new.jpg]] [https://www.ieee-ras.org/membership/dei-committee IEEE Robotics and Automation Society Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion Committee] <BR>
 [https://blackinrobotics.org/ Black in Robotics] Building Community, Advocating for Diversity, Encouraging Accountability <BR>
-[https://pybullet.org/wordpress/ Bullet Real-Time Physics Simulation] <BR>
 [https://robohub.org/iros2020-black-in-robotics-special-series/ Black in Robotics Special Series at IROS 2020 ] <BR>
-[https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2022/jul/24/chess-robot-grabs-and-breaks-finger-of-seven-year-old-opponent-moscow Chess robot grabs and breaks finger of seven year old opponent]<BR>
+[https://sites.google.com/andrew.cmu.edu/the-no-excuses-list/home The No Excuses List] Women Faculty in Robotics <BR>
-[[Cognitive Robotics Resources]] separate list of links <BR>
+[https://www.womeninrobotics.org/ Women in Robotics] <BR>
-[https://ease-crc.org/ EASE - Everyday Activity Science & Engineering]: how human-scale manipulation tasks can be mastered by robotic agents <BR>
+=== Featured Robots ===
+[https://beatbots.net Beatbots], including Keepon Pro <BR>
 [https://www.elegoo.com/products/elegoo-smart-robot-car-kit-v-4-0 Elegoo robot car] <BR>
 [https://www.elegoo.com/collections/robot-kits/products/elegoo-tumbller-self-balancing-robot-car Elegoo Tumbller] <BR>
+[https://www.hardware-x.com/article/S2468-0672(20)30026-2/fulltext Eva: facially expressive humanoid robotic head] and [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0OtEKPKdVaI demonstration video]<BR>
 [https://www.franka.de/ Franka Emika Robot] <BR>
 [https://spectrum.ieee.org/automaton/robotics/home-robots/haru-an-experimental-social-robot-from-honda-research Haru: An Experimental Social Robot From Honda Research] <BR>
-[https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2021/02/world-economic-forum-automation-create-jobs-employment-robots Here’s why robots are actually going to increase human employment] <BR>
-[https://www.human-robot-interaction.org/ Human-Robot Interaction - An Introduction] An online textbook by C. Bartneck, T. Belpaeme, F. Eyssel, T. Kanda, M. Keijsers, and S. Šabanović  <BR>
-[https://robots.ieee.org/ IEEE guide to the world of robots] <BR>
-[[File:new.jpg]] [https://clawar.org/icres2023/ International Conference Series on Robot Ethics and Standards] <BR>
-[https://blog.x.company/introducing-intrinsic-1cf35b87651 Intrinsic] a new Alphabet company dedicated to facilitating widespread deployment of robotics <BR>
 [https://edu.irobot.com/what-we-offer/create-robot iRobot Create 2] <BR>
 [https://edu.irobot.com/create3 iRobot Create 3] <BR>
 [https://www.robotshop.com/en/lynxmotion-al5d-4-degrees-of-freedom-robotic-arm-combo-kit-no-software.html Lynxmotion AL5D 4DOF Robot Arm] <BR>
 [https://store.makeblock.com/ Makeblock] robot kits <BR>
-[http://www.commsp.ee.ic.ac.uk/~mcpetrou/V19N4O97.htm Maria Petrou's Ironing Robot Challenge] <BR>
 [https://www.mecademic.com/ Meca500 robot arm] <BR>
-[http://parcrobotics.org/ PARC - Pan-African Robotics Competition] <BR>
+[https://www.quanser.com/products/qarm/ Quanser QArm] 4 dof <BR>
+[https://www.zimmerbiomet.com/en/products-and-solutions/zb-edge/robotics/rosa-brain.html# ROSA ONE Brain]: a robotic platform to assist surgeons in planning and performing complex neurosurgical procedures in a minimally invasive manner <BR>
+=== Humanoid Robots ===
+[https://www.theguardian.com/science/2024/sep/22/its-the-robot-we-were-all-expecting-like-c3po-why-arent-humanoids-in-our-homes-yet "It’s the robot we were all expecting – like C3PO": why aren’t humanoids in our homes yet?] <BR>
+[[File:new.jpg]] [https://www.worldscientific.com/doi/10.1142/S0219843623500226 The Importance of Being Humanoid] <BR>
+=== Industry ===
+[https://spectrum.ieee.org/automaton/robotics/home-robots/anki-jibo-and-kuri-what-we-can-learn-from-social-robotics-failures  Anki, Jibo, and Kuri: what we can learn from social robots that didn't make it] <BR>
+[https://www.awarri.com/ Awarri] "Our mission is to enable the development and adoption of advanced AI & Robotics technology on the African continent" <BR>
+[https://blog.x.company/introducing-intrinsic-1cf35b87651 Intrinsic] a new Alphabet company dedicated to facilitating widespread deployment of robotics <BR>
+[https://techcrunch.com/2016/03/27/the-real-cost-of-robotics/ The real cost of robotics] <BR>
+=== Navigation ===
+[https://www.redblobgames.com/pathfinding/a-star/introduction.html A* Algorithm]: a great place to begin <BR>
+[http://theory.stanford.edu/~amitp/GameProgramming/ A* Pages]: super place to learn more <BR>
+[https://www.growingwiththeweb.com/projects/pathfinding-visualiser/  A* algorithm graphic interactive demo] <BR>
 [https://www.kevanahlquist.com/osm_pathfinding/ Pathfinding in maps]: graphic interactive demo of <BR>
 [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QR3U1dgc5RE  Path planning with A* and RRT & RRT*] <BR>
-[[File:new.jpg]] [https://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/ukgwa/20210701125353/https://epsrc.ukri.org/research/ourportfolio/themes/engineering/activities/principlesofrobotics/ Principles of Robotics] <BR>
+=== Origins ===
+[https://www.technologyreview.com/2018/12/19/138508/mighty-mouse/ Theseus] Claude E. Shannon's 1950 maze-learning mouse robot <BR>
+=== Research ===
+[https://ease-crc.org/ EASE - Everyday Activity Science & Engineering]: how human-scale manipulation tasks can be mastered by robotic agents <BR>
+[http://www.commsp.ee.ic.ac.uk/~mcpetrou/V19N4O97.htm Maria Petrou's Ironing Robot Challenge] <BR>
+=== Resources ===
+[https://github.com/Kiloreux/awesome-robotics Awesome Robotics]: a list of various books, courses and other resources for robotics  <BR>
+[[Cognitive Robotics Resources]] separate list of links <BR>
+[https://www.human-robot-interaction.org/ Human-Robot Interaction - An Introduction] An online textbook by C. Bartneck, T. Belpaeme, F. Eyssel, T. Kanda, M. Keijsers, and S. Šabanović  <BR>
+[[File:new.jpg]] [https://robots.ieee.org/ IEEE guide to the world of robots] (this is a new and improved version of what was already a great website)<BR>
+[[File:new.jpg]] [https://robotsguide.com/ IEEE Spectrum robotics features ]<BR>
 [https://robohub.org/ RoboHub] All the latest news about robotics <BR>
-[https://www.quanser.com/products/qarm/ Quanser QArm] 4 dof <BR>
-[https://www.zimmerbiomet.com/en/products-and-solutions/zb-edge/robotics/rosa-brain.html# ROSA ONE Brain]: a robotic platform to assist surgeons in planning and performing complex neurosurgical procedures in a minimally invasive manner <BR>
 [https://www.theconstructsim.com/ The Construct] A Platform to Learn/Teach Robotics from Zero. Everything from robotics theory to ROS based robot programming <BR>
-[[File:new.jpg]] [https://sites.google.com/andrew.cmu.edu/the-no-excuses-list/home The No Excuses List] Women Faculty in Robotics <BR>
-[https://techcrunch.com/2016/03/27/the-real-cost-of-robotics/ The real cost of robotics] <BR>
 [http://roboticsprimer.sourceforge.net/wiki/index.php/Main_Page The Robotics Primer Workbook] <BR>
-[[File:new.jpg]] [https://www.technologyreview.com/2018/12/19/138508/mighty-mouse/ Theseus] Claude E. Shannon's 1950 maze-learning mouse robot <BR>
-=== Robotics in STEM Education ===
+=== Robot Learning ===
+[[File:new.jpg]] [https://www.i-aida.org/resources/robot-learning/ Robot Learning] a talk by Jan Peters <BR>
+[[File:new.jpg]] [https://sites.google.com/view/hirl-education/home Human-Interactive Robot Learning] a course developed in [https://www.humane-ai.eu/project/tmp-038/ Micro Project TMP-038] as part of the [https://www.humane-ai.eu HumanE-AI-Net Network of Excellence] (click the <strong>Home</strong> text at the top-right of the page to access the slides)<BR>
+=== ROS ===
+[https://www.cse.sc.edu/~jokane/agitr/ A Gentle Introduction to ROS] <BR>
+=== Shops ===
+[https://www.active-robots.com/ Active Robots] online shop <BR>
+=== Simulators ===
+[https://pybullet.org/wordpress/ Bullet Real-Time Physics Simulation] <BR>
+=== Societal Impact and Ethics ===
+[https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2021/02/world-economic-forum-automation-create-jobs-employment-robots Here’s why robots are actually going to increase human employment] <BR>
+[[File:new.jpg]] [https://clawar.org/icres2023/ International Conference Series on Robot Ethics and Standards] <BR>
+[[File:new.jpg]] [https://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/ukgwa/20210701125353/https://epsrc.ukri.org/research/ourportfolio/themes/engineering/activities/principlesofrobotics/ Principles of Robotics] <BR>
+=== STEM Education ===
 [https://meetedison.com/ Edison] <BR>
 [https://www.wpi.edu/sites/default/files/docs/Offices/Dean-of-Engineering/Kenechukwu%20Mbanisi%20-%20Promoting%20Innovation%20in%20Rwanda%20through%20Robotics%20Education.pdf Promoting Innovation in Rwanda through Robotics Education] <BR>
@@ Line 413: / Line 610: @@
 [https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10798-015-9310-7 Experiential learning of electronics subject matter in middle school robotics courses] (2015) <BR>
 [https://www.shaperobotics.com/ Shape Robotics] Fable robot <BR>
-[https://www.shaperobotics.com/5-ways-robotics-can-boost-stem-learning/ 5 Ways Robotics Can Boost STEM Learning]  <BR>
 [https://www.kookaburra.com.au/robotics Robotics in Australian Schools] with extensive list of robot resources, including Sphero, Edison, Ozobot, Makeblock, Bee-bot, Tetrix, Botley, Blue-bot, Cozmo, Strawbees <BR>
 [https://tech-labs.com/products/stem-robotics-education Tech-Labs] STEM Robotics Education <BR>
-[[File:new.jpg]] [https://www.steamconnection.org/ The Steam Connection] building the future, one robot at a time <BR>
+[https://www.steamconnection.org/ The Steam Connection] building the future, one robot at a time <BR>
+[[File:new.jpg]] [https://coderina.org/first-programs/ Coderina] Engaging Youth in STEM Exploration with FIRST® LEGO® League <BR>
+[https://www.facebook.com/p/Keza-Education-Future-Lab-100076079992000/ Keza Education Future Lab] for kids aged 3 to 14 <BR>
+[http://creativity.rw/ Creativity Lab] STEM education using robots <BR>
+[[File:new.jpg]] [https://www.linkedin.com/posts/giz-rwanda_expression-of-interest-activity-7143160663555702784-ibzY/ Design Challenge: Call for proposals to design a robotics program and toolkit to be implemented in Rwandan school curricula] and the resultant [https://www.linkedin.com/posts/rwandaict_nationalroboticsprogram-activity-7240653764871782400-WX0Z/ pilot program] with a post on [https://x.com/RwandaICT/status/1834888620534104561 X]<BR>
+[https://foundation.ghanarobotics.org/ Ghana Robotics Academy Foundation] <BR>
-=== Software Engineering ===
+=== Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) ===
+[https://www.sustainablerobotics.org/ Sustainable Robotics] <BR>
-[http://paulgraham.com/index.html Paul Graham's website] ... go here if you want to challenge and change your views on programming, Lisp, and life (start with the [http://paulgraham.com/articles.html essays]).
+=== Vision-Language-Action Models ===
-<BR>
+(Also see [[#Large_Language_Models|Large Language Models]] and [[#Limitations_of_AI|Limitations of AI]])
-[http://www.joser.org/ Journal of Software Engineering for Robotics]
-<BR>
-[http://sereadings.blogspot.com.es/2011/05/10-quotes-from-david-parnas.html 10 Quotes from David Parnas]
-<BR>
-[https://github.com/Droogans/unmaintainable-code How to write unmaintainable code]
-<BR>
-[http://www.jesshamrick.com/2012/09/10/absolute-beginners-guide-to-emacs/ Absolute Beginners Guide to Emacs]
-<BR>
-[https://ethics.acm.org/ ACM Code of Ethics and Professional Conduct]
-<BR>
-[https://ethics.acm.org/ ACM Code of Ethics and Professional Conduct] Official Repository
-<BR>
-[https://ethics.acm.org/code-of-ethics/software-engineering-code/ ACM/IEEE Software Engineering Code of Ethics and Professional Practice] Version 5.2, 2016
-<BR>
-[https://www.computer.org/education/code-of-ethics  IEEE-CS/ACM Code of Ethics]
-<BR>
-[https://www.hillelwayne.com/post/why-dont-people-use-formal-methods/ Why don't people use formal methods?]
-<BR>
-[http://svnbook.red-bean.com/en/1.8/index.html Version control with Subversion (SNV)]
-<BR>
-[https://blog.osteele.com/2008/05/my-git-workflow/ Oliver Steele's explanation of the Git data transport commands] (nice if your used to Subversion)
-<BR>
-[[File:new.jpg]] [https://docs.freebsd.org/en/articles/bsdl-gpl/article.html#:~:text=In%20contrast%20to%20the%20GPL,project's%20or%20company's%20needs%20change. BSD vs. GPL]
-<BR>
-=== Trinity College Dublin ===
+[https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/uploads/prod/2023/02/ChatGPT___Robotics.pdf ChatGPT for Robotics: Design Principles and Model Abilities] Microsoft article <BR>
+[https://blog.research.google/2023/03/palm-e-embodied-multimodal-language.html PaLM-E: An embodied multimodal language model]; also see [https://palm-e.github.io/  palm-e.github.io] <BR>
+[https://arxiv.org/abs/2212.06817 RT-1: Robotics Transformer for Real-World Control at Scale] arXiv article on RT-1 <BR>
+[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UuKAp9a6wMs Supplementary video for RT-1: Robotics Transformer for Real-World Control at Scale] Video<BR>
+[https://arxiv.org/abs/2307.15818 RT-2: Vision-Language-Action Models Transfer Web Knowledge to Robotic Control] arXiv article on RT-2<BR>
+[https://robotics-transformer2.github.io/ RT-2: Vision-Language-Action Models] RT-2 website <BR>
+[https://www.deepmind.com/blog/rt-2-new-model-translates-vision-and-language-into-action RT-2: New model translates vision and language into action] Google DeepMind Blog <BR>
+[[File:new.jpg]] [https://deepmind.google/discover/blog/scaling-up-learning-across-many-different-robot-types/ RT-X: Scaling up learning across many different robot types] <BR>
+[https://arxiv.org/abs/2204.01691 Do As I Can, Not As I Say: Grounding Language in Robotic Affordances] arXiv article on SayCan<BR>
+[https://say-can.github.io/ Do As I Can, Not As I Say: Grounding Language in Robotic Affordances] SayCan website <BR>
+[https://arxiv.org/abs/2310.08864 Open X-Embodiment: Robotic Learning Datasets and RT-X Models] arXiv article on Open X-Embodiment <BR>
+[https://robotics-transformer-x.github.io/ Open X-Embodiment: Robotic Learning Datasets and RT-X Models] Open X-Embodiment Website <BR>
+[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Vq_DcZ_xc_E Using an LLM to direct our robot Digit] Agility Robotics video <BR>
+[https://arxiv.org/abs/2312.07843 Foundation Models in Robotics: Applications, Challenges, and the Future] <BR>
+[https://arxiv.org/abs/2312.00055 LEAP: LLM-Generation of Egocentric Action Programs]<BR>
+== Software Engineering ==
+[https://www.google.rw/books/edition/Programming_Challenges/NN8J9xId7gkC?hl=en&gbpv=1&printsec=frontcover Programming Challenges] by Steven Skiena and Miguel Revilla. [http://acm.cs.buap.mx/downloads/Programming_Challenges.pdf .] [https://onlinejudge.org/index.php?option=com_onlinejudge&Itemid=8 Online Judge] <BR>
+[http://paulgraham.com/index.html Paul Graham's website] ... go here if you want to challenge and change your views on programming, Lisp, and life (start with the [http://paulgraham.com/articles.html essays]).<BR>
+[http://www.joser.org/ Journal of Software Engineering for Robotics] <BR>
+[http://sereadings.blogspot.com.es/2011/05/10-quotes-from-david-parnas.html 10 Quotes from David Parnas]<BR>
+[https://github.com/Droogans/unmaintainable-code How to write unmaintainable code]<BR>
+[http://www.jesshamrick.com/2012/09/10/absolute-beginners-guide-to-emacs/ Absolute Beginners Guide to Emacs]<BR>
+[https://ethics.acm.org/ ACM Code of Ethics and Professional Conduct]<BR>
+[https://ethics.acm.org/ ACM Code of Ethics and Professional Conduct] Official Repository<BR>
+[https://ethics.acm.org/code-of-ethics/software-engineering-code/ ACM/IEEE Software Engineering Code of Ethics and Professional Practice] Version 5.2, 2016<BR>
+[https://www.computer.org/education/code-of-ethics  IEEE-CS/ACM Code of Ethics]<BR>
+[https://www.hillelwayne.com/post/why-dont-people-use-formal-methods/ Why don't people use formal methods?]<BR>
+[http://svnbook.red-bean.com/en/1.8/index.html Version control with Subversion (SNV)]<BR>
+[https://blog.osteele.com/2008/05/my-git-workflow/ Oliver Steele's explanation of the Git data transport commands] (nice if you're used to Subversion) <BR>
+[https://docs.freebsd.org/en/articles/bsdl-gpl/article.html#:~:text=In%20contrast%20to%20the%20GPL,project's%20or%20company's%20needs%20change. BSD vs. GPL]  <BR>
+== Trinity College Dublin ==
 [https://scss.tcd.ie/news/item.php?id=143 Computer Science: Then and Now] in honour of Professor John Byrne.
@@ Line 453: / Line 664: @@
 [https://scss.tcd.ie/SCSSTreasuresCatalog/ The John Gabriel Byrne Computer Science Collection]
+== Tutorials ==
-=== Tutorials ===
+[[AI Act Tutorial]], prepared by [https://www.ru.nl/en/people/hildebrandt-m Mireille Hildebrandt], Radboud University, for the [[#HumanE-AI-net | HumanE-AI-net]] European Network of Human-centered Artificial Intelligence.
+<BR>
-[[File:new.jpg]] [https://towardsdatascience.com/how-to-create-mathematical-animations-like-3blue1brown-using-python-f571fb9da3d1 How to create mathematical animations like 3blue1brown using Python]<BR>
 [https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLZHQObOWTQDMsr9K-rj53DwVRMYO3t5Yr 3Blue1Brown: The Essence of Calculus]  <BR>
-[[File:new.jpg]] [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aircAruvnKk 3Blue1Brown: But what is a neural network? | Chapter 1, Deep learning] <BR>
+[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aircAruvnKk 3Blue1Brown: But what is a neural network? | Chapter 1, Deep learning] <BR>
-[[File:new.jpg]] [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IHZwWFHWa-w&list=PLZHQObOWTQDNU6R1_67000Dx_ZCJB-3pi&index=2 3Blue1Brown: Gradient descent, how neural networks learn | Chapter 2, Deep learning]<BR>
+[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IHZwWFHWa-w&list=PLZHQObOWTQDNU6R1_67000Dx_ZCJB-3pi&index=2 3Blue1Brown: Gradient descent, how neural networks learn | Chapter 2, Deep learning]<BR>
-[[File:new.jpg]] [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ilg3gGewQ5U&list=PLZHQObOWTQDNU6R1_67000Dx_ZCJB-3pi&index=3 3Blue1Brown: What is backpropagation really doing? | Chapter 3, Deep learning] <BR>
+[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ilg3gGewQ5U&list=PLZHQObOWTQDNU6R1_67000Dx_ZCJB-3pi&index=3 3Blue1Brown: What is backpropagation really doing? | Chapter 3, Deep learning] <BR>
-[[File:new.jpg]] [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tIeHLnjs5U8&list=PLZHQObOWTQDNU6R1_67000Dx_ZCJB-3pi&index=4 3Blue1Brown: Backpropagation calculus | Chapter 4, Deep learning] <BR>
+[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tIeHLnjs5U8&list=PLZHQObOWTQDNU6R1_67000Dx_ZCJB-3pi&index=4 3Blue1Brown: Backpropagation calculus | Chapter 4, Deep learning] <BR>
+[https://towardsdatascience.com/how-to-create-mathematical-animations-like-3blue1brown-using-python-f571fb9da3d1 How to create mathematical animations like 3blue1brown using Python]<BR>
 [https://lilianweng.github.io/posts/2018-02-19-rl-overview/ A (Long) Peek into Reinforcement Learning] <BR>
 [http://ep.yimg.com/ty/cdn/paulgraham/acl2.txt Lisp Tutorial] (Chapter 2 of [http://www.paulgraham.com/acl.html ANSI Common Lisp] by Paul Graham) <BR>
@@ Line 496: / Line 708: @@
 [https://www.asimovinstitute.org/neural-network-zoo-prequel-cells-layers/ Neural Network Zoo Prequel: Cells and Layers] with more detail on how each cell type works
 <BR>
-[[File:new.jpg]] [https://jalammar.github.io/illustrated-transformer/ The Illustrated Transformer] by Jay Alammar
+[https://jalammar.github.io/illustrated-transformer/ The Illustrated Transformer] by Jay Alammar
+<BR>
-=== Women in Science, Engineering, and Technology ===
+== Women in Science, Engineering, and Technology ==
-[[File:new.jpg]] [https://www.asme.org/topics-resources/content/10-influential-women-in-engineering 10 Influential Women in Engineering] <BR>
+[https://www.asme.org/topics-resources/content/10-influential-women-in-engineering 10 Influential Women in Engineering] <BR>
-An object lesson on <span style="color:#FF0000">how <strong>not</strong> to think</span> about women in science: [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GMOqpxlW66E Science: It's a Girl Thing] ... so many stereotypes, so much bias, so very sad. <BR>
+[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GMOqpxlW66E Science: It's a Girl Thing] This is object lesson on <span style="color:#FF0000">how <strong>not</strong> to think</span> about women in science: ... so many stereotypes, so much bias, so very sad. <BR>
 [https://barbie.mattel.com/en-us/about/barbie-tynker.html Barbie Robotics Engineer: inspiring girls to learn how to write software] <BR>
 [https://www.sfchronicle.com/business/article/Rwanda-is-pushing-gender-diversity-in-tech-12496643.php Gender diversity in technology in Rwanda] <BR>
-[https://www.ieee-ras.org/women-in-engineering IEEE Robotics & Automation Society Women in Engineering (WiE)] web page<BR>
+[https://wie.ieee.org/ IEEE Women in Engineering (WiE)] <BR>
-[https://wie.ieee.org/ IEEE Robotics & Automation Society - Women in Engineering (WiE)] Dedicated website <BR>
+[https://www.ieee-ras.org/women-in-engineering IEEE Robotics & Automation Society Women in Engineering (WiE)] <BR>
-[[File:new.jpg]] [https://www.linkedin.com/groups/4558565/ IEEE Robotics & Automation Society - Women in Engineering (WiE)] LinkedIn <BR>
+[https://www.linkedin.com/groups/4558565/ IEEE Robotics & Automation Society - Women in Engineering (WiE)] LinkedIn <BR>
 [https://www.inwed.org.uk/ International Women in Engineering Day] <BR>
-[[File:new.jpg]] [https://www.leversinheels.com/ Levers in Heels] Bringing visibility to African women in STEM <BR>
+[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fCNuPcf8L00 Julia Gillard's Misogyny Speech] Not specifically science, engineering, and technology, but a brilliant riposte to misogynistic attitudes and gender bias, in general <BR>
+[https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCEIImpjmAq8PkEY60GZAjxw Levers in Heels] Bringing visibility to African women in STEM <BR>
+[[File:new.jpg]] [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1MWBSSKtnBM Life in The Largest Urban Slum | Delphine Nyaboke | TEDxKigali Women] An inspirational TEDx talk by an engineer triumphed against all the odds<BR>
 [https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2017/aug/08/why-are-there-so-few-women-in-tech-the-truth-behind-the-google-memo On the gender gap in technology] (read the last four paragraphs if you're short of time)<BR>
+[https://www.theguardian.com/science/2019/jun/16/the-five-unsung-female-scientists-overlook-credit-stolen-jean-purdy The five: unsung female scientists] <BR>
 The [http://www.sheplusplus.org/ SHE++ website] is gone, but you can still watch the [https://vimeo.com/63877454 video], check it on [https://www.facebook.com/ShePlusPlus/ Facebook], or go to [http://www.sheplusplus.london/ SHE++ London] <BR>
 [http://rarlindseysmash.com/WiCVis/index.html Timeline of Women in Computing] <BR>
-[[File:new.jpg]] [https://sites.google.com/andrew.cmu.edu/the-no-excuses-list/home The No Excuses List] Women Faculty in Robotics <BR>
+[https://sites.google.com/andrew.cmu.edu/the-no-excuses-list/home The No Excuses List] Women Faculty in Robotics <BR>
-===  Writing - Grammar, Composition, Style ===
+==  Writing - Grammar, Composition, Style ==
-[[File:new.jpg]] [https://blog.apastyle.org/apastyle/2012/03/title-case-and-sentence-case-capitalization-in-apa-style.HTMLTitle Case and Sentence Case Capitalization in APA Style] <BR>
+[https://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/qanda/data/faq/topics/HyphensEnDashesEmDashes/faq0138.html Axes]: set the X, Y, and Z in capitals and italics, and use a hyphen.<BR>
-[https://www.latimes.com/socal/burbank-leader/news/tn-blr-xpm-2006-08-16-blr-aword16-story.html On dangling prepositions and rules "up with which I will not put"] (here is the [http://itre.cis.upenn.edu/~myl/languagelog/archives/001715.html Benjamin G. Zimmer article] on the quotation)
+[https://helenlewis.substack.com/p/the-bluestocking-on-writing The Bluestocking: On Writing] <BR>
-<BR>
+[https://blog.apastyle.org/apastyle/2012/03/title-case-and-sentence-case-capitalization-in-apa-style.HTML Title Case and Sentence Case Capitalization in APA Style] <BR>
-[https://leadingwithquestions.com/personal-growth/is-this-the-best-you-can-do-henry-kissinger-on-work-ethic/ Henry Kissinger: "Is this the best you can do?"]
+[https://www.latimes.com/socal/burbank-leader/news/tn-blr-xpm-2006-08-16-blr-aword16-story.html On dangling prepositions and rules "up with which I will not put"] (here is the [http://itre.cis.upenn.edu/~myl/languagelog/archives/001715.html Benjamin G. Zimmer article] on the quotation)<BR>
-<BR>
+[https://leadingwithquestions.com/personal-growth/is-this-the-best-you-can-do-henry-kissinger-on-work-ethic/ Henry Kissinger: "Is this the best you can do?"] <BR>
 [http://orwell.ru/library/others/style/english/estyle The Elements of Style] <BR>
 [https://www.link.cs.cmu.edu/link/index.html Link Grammar] a syntactic parser for the Link grammar of English, with a neat interactive sentence parser that identifies the parts of speech. <BR>
-[https://www.amazon.com/Thinking-Threes-Power-Three-Writing/dp/1877673676 Thinking in Threes: The Power of Three in Writing]
+[https://www.amazon.com/Thinking-Threes-Power-Three-Writing/dp/1877673676 Thinking in Threes: The Power of Three in Writing]<BR>
-<BR>
+[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rule_of_three_(writing) The Rule of Three in Writing]<BR>
-[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rule_of_three_(writing) The Rule of Three in Writing]
+[http://www.openculture.com/2013/02/seven_tips_from_ernest_hemingway_on_how_to_write_fiction.html Seven tips from Ernest Hemingway on how to write fiction (also useful for writing theses)]<BR>
-<BR>
+[https://www.grammarbook.com/numbers/numbers.asp Writing Numbers]<BR>
-[http://www.openculture.com/2013/02/seven_tips_from_ernest_hemingway_on_how_to_write_fiction.html Seven tips from Ernest Hemingway on how to write fiction (also useful for writing theses)]
+[https://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/qanda/data/faq/topics/Abbreviations/faq0095.html 5 am or 5 a.m.] The Chicago Manual of Style on how to write abbreviations for ''ante meridiem'' (before noon) and ''post meridiem'' (after noon).<BR>
-<BR>
+[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prime_(symbol) Using the prime symbol to designate units]<BR>
-[https://www.grammarbook.com/numbers/numbers.asp Writing Numbers]
+[https://physics.nist.gov/cuu/Units/checklist.html SI Unit rules and style conventions]<BR>
-<BR>
-[https://physics.nist.gov/cuu/Units/checklist.html SI Unit rules and style conventions]
-<BR>
 [https://www.grammarbook.com/punctuation/commas.asp Punctuation rules: commas]; also see Section 2 in [http://orwell.ru/library/others/style/english/estyle The Elements of Style]
 <BR>
-[[File:new.jpg]] [https://getproofed.com.au/writing-tips/should-footnote-markers-go-after-the-punctuation/ Footnote markers are placed after the punctuation mark]
+[https://getproofed.com.au/writing-tips/should-footnote-markers-go-after-the-punctuation/ Footnote markers are placed after the punctuation mark] <BR>
-<BR>
+[https://portlandenglish.edu/blog/difference-gerund-present-participle/ Clear explanation of the difference between the gerund and the present participle], i.e. words ending in "-ing"<BR>
-[https://portlandenglish.edu/blog/difference-gerund-present-participle/ Clear explanation of the difference between the gerund and the present participle], i.e. words ending in "-ing"
+[http://www.cs.yale.edu/homes/dvm/papers/pedant.txt Rules of English Style] by [https://cpsc.yale.edu/people/drew-mcdermott Drew McDermott]<BR>
-<BR>
+[https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/2014/advanced-information/ An example of great technical writing]: Scientific Background: The Brain’s Navigational Place and Grid Cell System ([http://www.nobelprizemedicine.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/Scintific-background_2014.pdf  pdf])<BR>
-[http://www.cs.yale.edu/homes/dvm/papers/pedant.txt Rules of English Style] by [https://cpsc.yale.edu/people/drew-mcdermott Drew McDermott]
+[https://www.theguardian.com/books/2023/nov/08/salman-rushdie-peace-freedom-barbie-myths-fables An example of great narrative writing]:
-<BR>
+'The good guys don’t always win': Salman Rushdie on peace, Barbie and what freedom cost him. <BR>
-[https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/2014/advanced-information/ Example of good technical writing]: Scientific Background: The Brain’s Navigational Place and Grid Cell System ([http://www.nobelprizemedicine.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/Scintific-background_2014.pdf  pdf])
-<BR>
 "I have made this longer than usual because I have not had time to make it shorter", Blaise Pascal, [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lettres_provinciales Lettres Provinciales], Lettre XVI; also see [https://quoteinvestigator.com/2012/04/28/shorter-letter/ here] and [https://www.quora.com/Who-wrote-the-quote-If-I-had-more-time-I-would-have-written-you-a-shorter-letter here] for details, and [https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=769385 here] for variations on the theme. <BR>
 [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxford_spelling Oxford Spelling] and why using "-ize" rather than "-ise" is correct, even in British English. <BR>
 [https://news.harvard.edu/gazette/story/2008/06/text-of-j-k-rowling-speech/ Example of Inspirational Writing: the text of J. K. Rowling's "Very Good Lives"] - the [https://www.jkrowling.com/book/very-good-lives book] and the [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wHGqp8lz36c Video]. <BR>
-[[File:new.jpg]] [https://www.merriam-webster.com/words-at-play/beg-the-question#:~:text=Begging%20the%20question%20means%20%22to,phrase%20itself%20comes%20from%20a To Beg the question] explained (and why one should avoid phrases with esoteric or ambiguous meanings, even when used correctly)
+[https://www.merriam-webster.com/words-at-play/beg-the-question#:~:text=Begging%20the%20question%20means%20%22to,phrase%20itself%20comes%20from%20a To Beg the question] explained (and why one should avoid phrases with esoteric or ambiguous meanings, even when used correctly)
 <BR>
+[[File:new.jpg]] [https://liberalarts.oregonstate.edu/wlf/what-satire What is satire?] Comprehensive explanation with very helpful examples.
-===  Writing - The Benefits of Taking Handwritten Notes ===
+==  Writing - The Benefits of Taking Handwritten Notes ==
-[[File:new.jpg]] [https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0956797614524581 The Pen Is Mightier Than the Keyboard: Advantages of Longhand Over Laptop Note Taking]
+[https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0956797614524581 The Pen Is Mightier Than the Keyboard: Advantages of Longhand Over Laptop Note Taking]<BR>
-<BR>
+[https://www.chronicle.com/article/the-benefits-of-no-tech-note-taking/?bc_nonce=ngt10fme5ya5nw0sfxzd6g&cid=reg_wall_signup The Benefits of No-Tech Note Taking] <BR>
-[[File:new.jpg]] [https://www.chronicle.com/article/the-benefits-of-no-tech-note-taking/?bc_nonce=ngt10fme5ya5nw0sfxzd6g&cid=reg_wall_signup The Benefits of No-Tech Note Taking]
+[https://www.psychologytoday.com/intl/blog/memory-medic/201303/why-writing-hand-could-make-you-smarter Why Writing by Hand Could Make You Smarter] <BR>
-<BR>
+... and on a related topic: <BR>
-[https://www.psychologytoday.com/intl/blog/memory-medic/201303/why-writing-hand-could-make-you-smarter Why Writing by Hand Could Make You Smarter]
+[https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2024/jan/17/kids-reading-better-paper-vs-screen Kids learn better on paper, not screens]
-=== Odds and Ends ===
+== Odds and Ends ==
 [https://www.boredpanda.com/top-100-world-photos-influential-all-time/ 100 Photos - The most influential images of all time]. The [http://100photos.time.com/  link to the original Time website] is broken<BR>
-[[File:new.jpg]] [https://docs.google.com/document/d/1IBtw-VZfhlWDYCcj8o00PP8bJQNxo6IARa4hYf5bASc/edit A Short Guide to Sharing Pronouns for Trans Allies] <BR>
+[https://docs.google.com/document/d/1IBtw-VZfhlWDYCcj8o00PP8bJQNxo6IARa4hYf5bASc/edit A Short Guide to Sharing Pronouns for Trans Allies] <BR>
 [https://web.archive.org/web/20130315075433/http://www.lhup.edu/~DSIMANEK/administ.htm Administratium] <BR>
 [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apophenia Apophenia] <BR>
@@ Line 573: / Line 785: @@
 [https://emojipedia.org/ Emojipedia] <BR>
 [https://libguides.ala.org/filing-rules Filing Rules] for listing names beginning with Mc and Mac <BR>
+[https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLt47egKbdlqcUHUJ26vUvzS3ppuzLJV9n Flanders and Swann]<BR>
+[https://www.trinet.com/insights/generations-in-the-workplace-boomers-gen-x-gen-y-and-gen-z-explained Generational Differences in the Workplace: Boomers, Gen X, Gen Y, and Gen Z Explained]<BR>
+[[File:new.jpg]] [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mRZGdvJQnPU Gyroscopic Precession] is Easier Than You Think!  <BR>
 [https://www.darpa.mil/work-with-us/heilmeier-catechism Heilmeier's catechism for researchers] <BR>
-[[File:new.jpg]] [https://www.nytimes.com/2023/02/16/opinion/jk-rowling-transphobia.html In Defense of J.K. Rowling] (and read [https://www.scotsman.com/arts-and-culture/books/jk-rowling-on-twitter-why-the-harry-potter-author-has-been-accused-of-transphobia-on-social-media-platforms-2877977 a full account of the controversy] by Rhona Shennan in the Scotsman)<BR>
+[https://spectrum.ieee.org/search/?q=history+of+technology History of Technology] articles from IEEE Spectrum <BR>
+[https://www.nytimes.com/2023/02/16/opinion/jk-rowling-transphobia.html In Defense of J.K. Rowling] (and read [https://www.scotsman.com/arts-and-culture/books/jk-rowling-on-twitter-why-the-harry-potter-author-has-been-accused-of-transphobia-on-social-media-platforms-2877977 a full account of the controversy] by Rhona Shennan in the Scotsman)<BR>
 [http://xkcd.com/1185/ Ineffective Sorts] <BR>
-[[File:new.jpg]] [https://www.britishempire.co.uk/maproom/ireland.htm Ireland]: a history of British colonial rule in Ireland <BR>
 [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fCNuPcf8L00 Julia Gillard's Misogyny Speech] <BR>
 [https://masterplan2020.kigalicity.gov.rw/portal/apps/webappviewer/index.html?id=218a2e3088064fc6b13198b4304f3d35/ Kigali Master Plan 2020]<BR>
+[https://www.lesswrong.com/ Less Wrong] A website dedicated to rationality. <BR>
+[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gXlfXirQF3A Lobachevsky] by Tom Lehrer (also read [[File:new.jpg]] [https://www.theguardian.com/music/article/2024/may/22/my-songs-spread-like-herpes-why-did-satirical-genius-tom-lehrer-swap-worldwide-fame-for-obscurity ‘My songs spread like herpes’: why did satirical genius Tom Lehrer swap worldwide fame for obscurity?]) <BR>
 [https://www.makerbeam.com/ MakerBeam] very neat kits that use 1 cm and 1.5 cm extruded aluminium for building mechanical frames for any purpose <BR>
+[https://www.markdownguide.org Markdown Guide]<BR>
 [http://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Help:Formatting MediaWiki Formatting Guide] <BR>
 [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XaqR3G_NVoo Merge-sort folk dance] <BR>
@@ Line 589: / Line 807: @@
 [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tas0O586t80 Program in C] The Little Mermaid <BR>
 [https://online2pdf.com/reduce-pdf-file-size# Reduce PDF File Size] <BR>
+[https://online2pdf.com/en/cut-pdf-pages-into-halves Cut PDF pages into halves]<BR>
+[https://www.cs.bham.ac.uk/research/projects/cogaff/talks/building-roadmaps-sloman.pdf What’s a Research Roadmap For? Why do we need one? How can we produce one?] ([https://www.cs.bham.ac.uk/research/projects/cogaff/talks/#talk42 linked from Aaron Sloman's website]) <BR>
 [https://www.poetryfoundation.org/articles/89511/robert-frost-the-road-not-taken Robert Frost: The Road Not Taken] and how it is almost universally misunderstood <BR>
+[https://www.seatguru.com/airlines/RwandAir/RwandAir_WB_Airbus_A330-200.php RwandAir Airbus A330 Seat Plan]<BR>
 [http://www.rwenzoritrekking.com/ Rwenzori Trekking] <BR>
 [https://www.pc2paper.co.uk/ PC2Paper Send Letters from the Internet] <BR>
+[https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/8520610-quiet Quiet: The Power of Introverts in a World That Can't Stop Talking] by [https://susancain.net/ Susan Cain]; and watch her TED talk [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c0KYU2j0TM4 The Power of Introverts]  <BR>
 [https://medium.com/@m.shanahan/revisiting-rwanda-60e3afec425 Revisiting Rwanda] by Murray Shanahan  <BR>
+[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AXff6NYJ2ps Riverdance] <BR>
+[https://symbolikon.com/ Symbolikon] 4000+ symbols from around the world <BR>
+[https://www.nbcnews.com/better/health/what-happens-your-body-brain-while-you-sleep-ncna805276 Sleep] What Happens in Your Body and Brain While You Sleep<BR>
+[https://www.forbes.com/sites/alicegwalton/2016/12/09/7-ways-sleep-affects-the-brain-and-what-happens-if-it-doesnt-get-enough/?sh=722c0e2753cc Sleep] 7 Ways Sleep Affects The Brain (And What Happens If It Doesn't Get Enough) <BR>
 [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HH6QD0MgqDQ Tactile Sensing] <BR>
 [http://apppm.man.dtu.dk/index.php/Four_Stages_of_Team_Development Teamwork]: The four stages of team development <BR>
@@ Line 600: / Line 826: @@
 [http://www.theguardian.com/childrens-books-site/gallery/2014/nov/17/best-optical-illusions-ever-clive-gifford-eye-benders#img-8 The Guardian Optical Illusions]  <BR>
 [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RG9TMn1FJzc The incredible ibex defies gravity and climbs a dam | Forces of Nature with Brian Cox - BBC] <BR>
-[[File:new.jpg]] [https://commonslibrary.org/the-intertwine-charter-going-beyond-anti-discrimination-and-towards-pro-active-change-to-welcome-others/ The Intertwine Charter: Going beyond anti-discrimination and towards pro-active change to welcome others] <BR>
+[https://commonslibrary.org/the-intertwine-charter-going-beyond-anti-discrimination-and-towards-pro-active-change-to-welcome-others/ The Intertwine Charter: Going beyond anti-discrimination and towards pro-active change to welcome others] <BR>
 [https://uxdesign.cc/the-knowns-and-unknowns-framework-for-design-thinking-6537787de2c5 The knowns and unknowns framework for design thinking] <BR>
+[https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/the-limits-of-quantum-computers/ The Limits of Quantum Computers]<BR>
 [http://thepointmag.com/ The Point Magazine] <BR>
 [https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/resources/2234/the-story-behind-apollo-8s-famous-earthrise-photo/ The story behind the Apollo 8 Earthrise photo] <BR>
 [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/There_are_known_knowns There are known knowns] <BR>
 [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=REWeBzGuzCc Video of Donald Rumsfeld's famous use of the knowns and unknowns framework in 2002] <BR>
+[https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCuvRHuqLf6F3tV3jA2cyhUA Tom Lehrer playlist]<BR>
 [https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2022/nov/24/have-toys-got-too-brainy-how-playthings-became-teaching-aids-young-children Toys and Child Development] one quote, in an article full of quotable quotes: "The best toys are 90% the kid, 10% the toy”, Kathy Hirsh-Pasek<BR>
+[https://www.esa.int/Enabling_Support/Space_Transportation/Types_of_orbits Types of Orbit]<BR>
+[https://askubuntu.com/questions/345083/how-do-i-disable-automatic-remote-printer-installation How to disable automatic remote printer installation on Ubuntu] <BR>
 [http://setosa.io/#/ Visual explanations] <BR>
+[[File:new.jpg]] [https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/winprog/windows-data-types Windows data types]<BR>
+[[File:new.jpg]] [https://github.com/tpn/winsdk-7/blob/master/v7.1A/Include/Windows.h Windows include files], e.g., windows.h<BR>
 [https://globalsouthstudies.as.virginia.edu/what-is-global-south What / Where is the Global South?] <BR>
-[https://www.rte.ie/culture/2020/0605/1145651-you-dont-get-to-be-racist-and-irish-imelda-mays-stunning-poem/ You Don't Get To Be Racist and Irish] Imelda May's brilliant poem <BR>

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Latest revision as of 05:55, 22 November 2024

Contents

Artificial Cognitive Systems

Artificial Intelligence

Origins

AI in Society

AI in Business

AI Education

Evolution of AI

Limitations of AI

Ethics in AI

AI Applications and Resources

AI Science and Technology

Cognitive Robotics

Computer Vision

Control

Copyright

Cybernetics and System Dynamics

Cycling

Articles

Bikes

Bike Maintenance

Bike Shops

Equipment and Kit

Events and Routes

Guides and Rentals

Nutrition

Organizations

Services

Engineering Education

Engineering Mathematics

Emergence and Self-Organization

Fountain Pens

Graphs and Networks

Helping People in Need

History of Technology

Innovation and Entrepreneurship

Ireland

LaTeX

Lisp

Mac

Machine Learning

Bayesian Approaches

Books and Resources

Comparisons

Datasets

Deep Learning

Environments

Ethical Issues

Gaussian Processes

Generative Adversarial Networks

Large Language Models

Physics Informed Machine Learning

Recurrent Neural Networks

Reinforcement Learning

Robot Learning

Self-Supervised Learning

Transformers

Neuroscience

Robotics

Cognitive Robotics

Competitions

Conferences

Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion

Featured Robots

Humanoid Robots

Industry

Navigation

Origins

Research

Resources

Robot Learning

ROS

Shops

Simulators

Societal Impact and Ethics

STEM Education

Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

Vision-Language-Action Models